Zein Randa, Sharrouf Wissam, Selting Kim
University of Genoa, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Genoa, Italy.
Lebanese University, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Beirut, Lebanon.
J Oncol. 2020 Jul 13;2020:5194780. doi: 10.1155/2020/5194780. eCollection 2020.
The therapeutic efficacy of drugs is dependent upon the ability of a drug to reach its target, and drug penetration into tumors is limited by abnormal vasculature and high interstitial pressure. Chemotherapy is the most common systemic treatment for cancer but can cause undesirable adverse effects, including toxicity to the bone marrow and gastrointestinal system. Therefore, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to reduce the adverse effects of traditional chemotherapy by enhancing the penetration and selective drug retention in tumor tissues. A thorough knowledge of the physical properties (e.g., size, surface charge, shape, and mechanical strength) and chemical attributes of nanoparticles is crucial to facilitate the application of nanotechnology to biomedical applications. This review provides a summary of how the attributes of nanoparticles can be exploited to improve therapeutic efficacy. An ideal nanoparticle is proposed at the end of this review in order to guide future development of nanoparticles for improved drug targeting in vivo.
药物的治疗效果取决于其到达靶点的能力，而药物进入肿瘤的过程受到异常血管结构和高组织间压力的限制。化疗是癌症最常见的全身治疗方法，但会引发不良副作用，包括对骨髓和胃肠道系统的毒性。因此，基于纳米技术的药物递送系统已被开发出来，通过增强药物在肿瘤组织中的渗透和选择性滞留来减少传统化疗的副作用。全面了解纳米颗粒的物理性质（如尺寸、表面电荷、形状和机械强度）和化学特性对于促进纳米技术在生物医学应用中的应用至关重要。本综述总结了如何利用纳米颗粒的特性来提高治疗效果。在本综述末尾提出了一种理想的纳米颗粒，以指导未来纳米颗粒的开发，用于改善体内药物靶向性。
