Palla Amber Hanif, Gilani Anwar-Ul-Hassan, Bashir Samra, Ur Rehman Najeeb
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Barrett Hodgson University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Jul 12;2020:7974835. doi: 10.1155/2020/7974835. eCollection 2020.
Aqueous-methanolic crude extracts of Flaxseed (Fs.Cr) and Flaxseed oil were tested against 6% acetic acid- (AA-) induced colitis in BALB/c mice. Microscopic damage parameters of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained and periodic acid-Schiff-alcian blue-stained sections of the colon were scored to be assessed. Possible antispasmodic mechanism was studied on isolated rabbit jejunum, while antibacterial activity was assessed for microbes implicated in IBD.
In AA-induced colitis, Flaxseed oil was found to be more effective in reducing mortality and colonic ulcers than Fs.Cr at 500 mg/kg dose. Fs.Cr was more efficacious in increasing mucin content as compared to oil, exhibiting slightly greater anti-inflammatory effect (50% vs 35%) and reducing depth of lesion (55% vs 42.31%, respectively). Antispasmodic activity of Fs.Cr (0.03 and 0.1 mg/ml) was mediated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEI, possibly PDE-4 subtype) with a resultant increase in cAMP levels. Flaxseed oil PDEI activity was mild (1 and 3 mg/ml). Fs.Cr (0.1 and 0.3 mg/ml) was potent in exhibiting anticholinergic activity, similar to dicyclomine, whereas Flaxseed oil showed anticholinergic effect at 1 and 3 mg/ml. Flaxseed oil (9 and 14 g/ml) was bactericidal against enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), and enteroaggregative (EAEC), whereas Fs.Cr exhibited bactericidal effect against EPEC at 100 g/ml.
Results of this study, taken together with previous studies, suggest that Flaxseed possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antispasmodic action through multiple pathways and thus offers promising potential to be developed for IBD.
用亚麻籽水-甲醇粗提物（Fs.Cr）和亚麻籽油对BALB/c小鼠6%乙酸（AA）诱导的结肠炎进行试验。对结肠苏木精-伊红染色和过碘酸-希夫-阿尔辛蓝染色切片的微观损伤参数进行评分以进行评估。在离体兔空肠上研究可能的解痉机制，同时评估对与炎症性肠病有关的微生物的抗菌活性。
在AA诱导的结肠炎中，发现500mg/kg剂量的亚麻籽油在降低死亡率和结肠溃疡方面比Fs.Cr更有效。与油相比，Fs.Cr在增加粘蛋白含量方面更有效，表现出稍强的抗炎作用（50%对35%），并减少病变深度（分别为55%对42.31%）。Fs.Cr（0.03和0.1mg/ml）的解痉活性由磷酸二酯酶抑制剂（PDEI，可能是PDE-4亚型）介导，导致cAMP水平升高。亚麻籽油的PDEI活性较弱（1和3mg/ml）。Fs.Cr（0.1和0.3mg/ml）具有与双环胺相似的强效抗胆碱能活性，而亚麻籽油在1和3mg/ml时显示抗胆碱能作用。亚麻籽油（9和14g/ml）对肠致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）、产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）和肠聚集性大肠杆菌（EAEC）具有杀菌作用，而Fs.Cr在100g/ml时对EPEC表现出杀菌作用。
本研究结果与先前研究结果一起表明，亚麻籽通过多种途径具有抗炎、抗菌和解痉作用，因此具有开发用于炎症性肠病的广阔潜力。
