The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Aug 10;14(8):e0008533. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008533. eCollection 2020 Aug.
Campylobacter is the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and its incidence is especially high in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Disease epidemiology in LMICs is different compared to high income countries like the USA or in Europe. Children in LMICs commonly have repeated and chronic infections even in the absence of symptoms, which can lead to deficits in early childhood development. In this study, we sequenced and characterized C. jejuni (n = 62) from a longitudinal cohort study of children under the age of 5 with and without diarrheal symptoms, and contextualized them within a global C. jejuni genome collection. Epidemiological differences in disease presentation were reflected in the genomes, specifically by the absence of some of the most common global disease-causing lineages. As in many other countries, poultry-associated strains were likely a major source of human infection but almost half of local disease cases (15 of 31) were attributable to genotypes that are rare outside of Peru. Asymptomatic infection was not limited to a single (or few) human adapted lineages but resulted from phylogenetically divergent strains suggesting an important role for host factors in the cryptic epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in LMICs.
空肠弯曲菌是全球范围内导致食源性疾病的主要细菌病原体，其发病率在中低收入国家（LMIC）尤其高。与美国或欧洲等高收入国家相比，发展中国家的疾病流行病学情况有所不同。发展中国家的儿童即使没有症状，也常常会反复出现慢性感染，这可能导致儿童在早期发育过程中出现缺陷。在这项研究中，我们对来自 5 岁以下腹泻和非腹泻儿童纵向队列研究中的 62 株空肠弯曲菌进行了测序和特征分析，并将其置于全球空肠弯曲菌基因组集中进行了分析。疾病表现的流行病学差异反映在基因组中，具体表现为一些最常见的全球致病谱系的缺失。与许多其他国家一样，与家禽相关的菌株可能是人类感染的主要来源，但几乎一半的本地疾病病例（31 例中的 15 例）归因于秘鲁以外罕见的基因型。无症状感染不仅局限于单一（或少数）人类适应的谱系，而是由系统发育上不同的菌株引起，这表明宿主因素在 LMIC 中空肠弯曲菌病的隐匿性流行病学中起着重要作用。
