Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA.
Microb Genom. 2024 Jul;10(7). doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.001274.
Consumption of raw, undercooked or contaminated animal food products is a frequent cause of infection. Brazil is the world's third largest producer and a major exporter of chicken meat, yet population-level genomic investigations of in the country remain scarce. Analysis of 221 . genomes from Brazil shows that the overall core and accessory genomic features of are influenced by the identity of the human or animal source. Of the 60 sequence types detected, ST353 is the most prevalent and consists of samples from chicken and human sources. Notably, we identified the presence of diverse genes from the OXA-61 and OXA-184 families that confer beta-lactam resistance as well as the operon related to multidrug efflux pump, which contributes to resistance against tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones. Based on limited data, we estimated the most recent common ancestor of ST353 to the late 1500s, coinciding with the time the Portuguese first arrived in Brazil and introduced domesticated chickens into the country. We identified at least two instances of ancestral chicken-to-human infections in ST353. The evolution of in Brazil was driven by the confluence of clinically relevant genetic elements, multi-host adaptation and clonal population growth that coincided with major socio-economic changes in poultry farming.
食用生的、未煮熟的或受污染的动物食品是感染的常见原因。巴西是世界上第三大鸡肉生产国和主要出口国，但该国针对 的人群水平基因组调查仍然很少。对来自巴西的 221 株 基因组的分析表明， 的整体核心和辅助基因组特征受到人类或动物来源的身份影响。在所检测到的 60 个序列类型中，ST353 最为普遍，包括来自鸡和人类来源的样本。值得注意的是，我们鉴定出了来自 OXA-61 和 OXA-184 家族的多种 基因，这些基因赋予了对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药性，以及与多药外排泵相关的操纵子，这有助于对四环素、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类药物的耐药性。基于有限的数据，我们估计 ST353 的最近共同祖先可以追溯到 16 世纪后期，当时葡萄牙人首次抵达巴西，并将驯化的鸡引入该国。我们在 ST353 中至少发现了两次鸡到人类的感染的祖先情况。巴西 进化的驱动力是临床相关遗传因素、多宿主适应和克隆种群增长的融合，这与家禽养殖中的重大社会经济变化相吻合。
