Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
Small. 2020 Oct;16(41):e2003000. doi: 10.1002/smll.202003000. Epub 2020 Aug 16.
Anti-hypoxia cancer nanomedicine (AHCN) holds exciting potential in improving oxygen-dependent therapeutic efficiencies of malignant tumors. However, most studies regarding AHCN focus on optimizing structure and function of nanomaterials with presupposed successful entry into tumor cells. From such a traditional perspective, the main barrier that AHCN needs to overcome is mainly the tumor cell membrane. However, such an oversimplified perspective would neglect that real tumors have many biological, physiological, physical, and chemical defenses preventing the current state-of-the-art AHCNs from even reaching the targeted tumor cells. Fortunately, in recent years, some studies are beginning to intentionally focus on overcoming physiological barriers to alleviate hypoxia. In this Review, the limitations behind the traditional AHCN delivery mindset are addressed and the key barriers that need to be surmounted before delivery to cancer cells and some good ways to improve cell membrane attachment, internalization, and intracellular retention are summarized. It is aimed to contribute to Review literature on this emerging topic through refreshing perspectives based on this work and what is also learnt from others. This Review would therefore assist AHCNs researchers to have a quick overview of the essential information and glean thought-provoking ideas to advance this sub-field in cancer nanomedicine.
抗缺氧癌症纳米医学（AHCN）在提高恶性肿瘤对氧依赖的治疗效率方面具有令人兴奋的潜力。然而，大多数关于 AHCN 的研究都集中在优化纳米材料的结构和功能上，前提是它们成功进入肿瘤细胞。从这种传统的角度来看，AHCN 需要克服的主要障碍主要是肿瘤细胞膜。然而，这种过于简化的观点忽略了一个事实，即真正的肿瘤有许多生物、生理、物理和化学防御机制，使目前最先进的 AHCN 甚至无法到达靶向肿瘤细胞。幸运的是，近年来，一些研究开始有意关注克服生理障碍以缓解缺氧。在这篇综述中，讨论了传统 AHCN 输送思维模式背后的局限性，以及在递送到癌细胞之前需要克服的关键障碍，以及一些改善细胞膜附着、内化和细胞内保留的好方法。其目的是通过基于这项工作和从他人那里学到的知识来提供这个新兴主题的综述文献，为 AHCN 研究人员提供快速了解重要信息的途径，并从中汲取发人深省的想法，以推动癌症纳米医学领域的发展。
