Casertano Marcello, Menna Marialuisa, Imperatore Concetta
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Aug 13;9(8):510. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9080510.
Among the sub-phylum of Tunicate, ascidians represent the most abundant class of marine invertebrates, with 3000 species by heterogeneous habitat, that is, from shallow water to deep sea, already reported. The chemistry of these sessile filter-feeding organisms is an attractive reservoir of varied and peculiar bioactive compounds. Most secondary metabolites isolated from ascidians stand out for their potential as putative therapeutic agents in the treatment of several illnesses like microbial infections. In this review, we present and discuss the antibacterial activity shown by the main groups of ascidian-derived products, such as sulfur-containing compounds, meroterpenes, alkaloids, peptides, furanones, and their derivatives. Moreover, the direct evidence of a symbiotic association between marine ascidians and microorganisms shed light on the real producers of many extremely potent marine natural compounds. Hence, we also report the antibacterial potential, joined to antifungal and antiviral activity, of metabolites isolated from ascidian-associate microorganisms by culture-dependent methods.
在被囊动物亚门中，海鞘是海洋无脊椎动物中数量最多的一类，据报道，因其栖息地各异，即从浅水到深海，已有3000种海鞘。这些固着滤食性生物的化学物质是各种独特生物活性化合物的诱人宝库。从海鞘中分离出的大多数次生代谢产物因其在治疗多种疾病（如微生物感染）中作为潜在治疗剂的潜力而脱颖而出。在这篇综述中，我们展示并讨论了海鞘衍生产品主要类别（如含硫化合物、半萜、生物碱、肽、呋喃酮及其衍生物）所表现出的抗菌活性。此外，海洋海鞘与微生物之间共生关系的直接证据揭示了许多极具效力的海洋天然化合物的真正生产者。因此，我们还报告了通过依赖培养的方法从与海鞘相关的微生物中分离出的代谢产物的抗菌潜力以及抗真菌和抗病毒活性。
