Faculty of Education, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Faculty of Sports Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 13;17(16):5885. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165885.
Using a cross-sectional study design, we tested a structural equation model of hypothesized relationships among a group of variables: motivational climate in physical education (PE), students' social competence in PE, out of-school physical activity (PA) motivation, PA intention and their moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Based on the self-reports of 363 fourth to sixth grade elementary school students (172 girls, 191 boys), the model revealed that the task-involving motivational climate in PE was linked to higher MVPA via cooperation in PE, and also via extrinsic motivation and PA intention. Ego-involving motivational climate was related to higher extrinsic motivation and amotivation, further to higher PA intention and, finally, to higher MVPA. Task-involving motivational climate was positively linked to students' social competence markers of cooperation and empathy, and negatively to disruptiveness. Ego-involving motivational climate was positively related to disruptiveness and impulsivity, the markers of low social competence. The study showed that the motivational climate and co-operational aspect of social competence both played significant roles in students' PA motivation, PA intention and MVPA. A pedagogical model that brings the learning of social competence relevant skills to the fore is creative physical education (CPE). Analysis of CPE is provided which highlights teaching behaviors which contribute to the students' MVPA through motivational climates, co-operation, PA motivation and PA intention.
采用横断面研究设计，我们检验了一个假设的变量关系结构方程模型：体育教育中的激励氛围（PE）、学生在 PE 中的社会能力、校外体育活动（PA）动机、PA 意向及其适度至剧烈 PA（MVPA）。基于 363 名四至六年级小学生（172 名女生，191 名男生）的自我报告，该模型表明，PE 中的任务型激励氛围通过 PE 中的合作与 MVPA 相关联，也通过外部动机和 PA 意向相关联。自我卷入的激励氛围与更高的外部动机和无动机相关，进一步与更高的 PA 意向相关，最终与更高的 MVPA 相关。任务型激励氛围与合作和同理心等学生社会能力的标志呈正相关，与破坏性行为呈负相关。研究表明，激励氛围和合作方面的社会能力都在学生的 PA 动机、PA 意向和 MVPA 中发挥了重要作用。将社会能力相关技能的学习置于突出位置的教学模式是创造性体育教育（CPE）。提供了 CPE 的分析，突出了通过激励氛围、合作、PA 动机和 PA 意向促进学生 MVPA 的教学行为。
