Kirubakaran Rangasamy, ArulJothi K N, Revathi Sundaravadivel, Shameem Nowsheen, Parray Javid A
Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
Bioresour Technol Rep. 2020 Sep;11:100485. doi: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100485. Epub 2020 Jun 27.
Overwhelming anthropogenic activities lead to deterioration of natural resources and the environment. The microorganisms are considered desirable, due to their suitability for easy genetic manipulation and handling. With the aid of modern biotechnological techniques, the culturable microorganisms have been widely exploited for the benefit of mankind. Metagenomics, a powerful tool to access the abundant biodiversity of the environmental samples including the unculturable microbes, to determine microbial diversity and population structure, their ecological roles and expose novel genes of interest. This review focuses on the microbial adaptations to the adverse environmental conditions, metagenomic techniques employed towards microbial biotechnology. Metagenomic approach helps to understand microbial ecology and to identify useful microbial derivatives like antibiotics, toxins, and enzymes with diverse and enhanced function. It also summarizes the application of metagenomics in clinical diagnosis, improving microbial ecology, therapeutics, xenobiotic degradation and impact on agricultural crops.
压倒性的人为活动导致自然资源和环境恶化。微生物因其易于进行基因操作和处理而被视为理想选择。借助现代生物技术，可培养微生物已被广泛开发以造福人类。宏基因组学是一种强大的工具，用于获取包括不可培养微生物在内的环境样本的丰富生物多样性，确定微生物多样性和种群结构、它们的生态作用并发现感兴趣的新基因。本综述重点关注微生物对不利环境条件的适应性、用于微生物生物技术的宏基因组技术。宏基因组方法有助于理解微生物生态学，并识别有用的微生物衍生物，如具有多样且增强功能的抗生素、毒素和酶。它还总结了宏基因组学在临床诊断、改善微生物生态学、治疗、异生素降解以及对农作物的影响方面的应用。
