Belete Tafere Mulaw
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.o. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Vacunas. 2020 Jul-Dec;21(2):121-128. doi: 10.1016/j.vacun.2020.05.002. Epub 2020 Jun 13.
The emergence of the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) that causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its impact on in the world have made imperative progress to develop an effective and safe vaccine. Despite several measures undertaken, the spread of this virus is ongoing. So far, more than 1,560,000 cases and 1000,000 deaths occurred in the world. Efforts have been made to develop vaccines against human coronavirus (CoV) infections such as MERS and SARS. However, currently, no approved vaccine exists for these coronavirus strains. Such Previous research efforts to develop a coronavirus vaccine in the years following the 2003 pandemic have opened the door for the scientist to design a new vaccine for the COVID-19. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 has a high degree of genetic similarity and bind to the same host cell ACE2 receptor. By using different vaccine development platforms including whole virus vaccines, recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines several candidates displayed efficacy in vitro studies but few progressed to clinical trials. This review provides a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discusses the current progress of ongoing advances in designing vaccine development efforts to counter COVID-19.
导致2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2（严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2）的出现及其对全球的影响，使得开发有效且安全的疫苗成为当务之急。尽管采取了多项措施，但这种病毒仍在持续传播。截至目前，全球已出现超过156万例病例和100万例死亡。此前人们已努力研发针对中东呼吸综合征（MERS）和严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）等人类冠状病毒感染的疫苗。然而，目前这些冠状病毒毒株尚无获批疫苗。2003年大流行后的数年里研发冠状病毒疫苗的前期研究工作，为科学家设计针对COVID-19的新型疫苗打开了大门。SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2具有高度的基因相似性，且都与同一宿主细胞血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）受体结合。通过使用包括全病毒疫苗、重组蛋白亚单位疫苗和核酸疫苗在内的不同疫苗研发平台，有几种候选疫苗在体外研究中显示出有效性，但很少进入临床试验阶段。本综述简要介绍了SARS-CoV-2的一般特征，并讨论了当前在设计对抗COVID-19的疫苗研发工作方面取得的进展。
