De Leon George, Unterrainer Human F
Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.
Center for Integrative Addiction Research (CIAR), Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 6;11:786. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00786. eCollection 2020.
The evolution of the contemporary Therapeutic Community (TC) for addictions over the past 50 years may be characterized as a movement from the marginal to the mainstream of substance abuse treatment and human services. TCs currently serve a wide array of clients and their diverse problems; through advances in research in treatment outcomes, the composition of staff has been reshaped, the duration of residential treatment has been reduced, the treatment goals have been reset and, to a considerable extent, the approach of therapy itself has been modified. An overview of the TC as a distinct social-psychological method for treating addiction and related disorders is provided by this paper. Included in this is a focus on the multifaceted psychological wounds that consistently show a strong association with addiction and thereby require initiating a recovery process characterized by life-style and identity changes.
当代成瘾治疗社区（TC）在过去50年的发展历程，其特点可概括为从物质滥用治疗和人类服务的边缘走向主流。目前，治疗社区服务着各种各样的客户及其形形色色的问题；随着治疗效果研究的进展，工作人员的构成得以重塑，住院治疗的时长缩短，治疗目标重新设定，并且在很大程度上，治疗方法本身也已被修正。本文概述了治疗社区作为一种独特的社会心理方法来治疗成瘾及相关障碍。其中重点关注了多方面的心理创伤，这些创伤始终与成瘾表现出强烈关联，因此需要启动一个以生活方式和身份改变为特征的康复过程。
