Pritchard David I, Falcone Franco H, Mitchell Piers D
School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Institute for Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
Allergy. 2021 Apr;76(4):1024-1040. doi: 10.1111/all.14570. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
The allergic phenotype manifests itself in a spectrum of troublesome to life-threatening diseases, from seasonal hay fever, through the food allergies, atopic eczema, asthma, to anaphylaxis. Allergy, that is an overreaction to allergen in hypersensitive individuals, results from the production of IgE, mast cell and basophil sensitisation and degranulation, requiring a range of medications to manage the conditions. Yet it is highly likely that allergy evolved for a purpose and that allergic diseases are accidental consequences of an insufficiently regulated immune response. This article presents a viewpoint from which to restore the immunological reputation of the allergic phenotype. We consider the evolutionary origins of potential allergens, toxins and parasites, and how they might have influenced early-mammal species in existence when IgE first developed. We conclude that the allergic phenotype has likely saved the lives of many more mammals than have ever died from allergy, so justifying the positive role of IgE in our evolution.
过敏表型表现为一系列从令人烦恼到危及生命的疾病，从季节性花粉热、食物过敏、特应性皮炎、哮喘到过敏反应。过敏是指过敏个体对过敏原的过度反应，由IgE的产生、肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞致敏及脱颗粒引起，需要一系列药物来控制病情。然而，过敏很可能是有其存在目的的，而过敏性疾病是免疫反应调节不足的意外后果。本文提出了一种观点，以恢复过敏表型的免疫学声誉。我们考虑了潜在过敏原、毒素和寄生虫的进化起源，以及它们在IgE首次出现时可能对现存早期哺乳动物物种产生的影响。我们得出的结论是，过敏表型可能拯救的哺乳动物生命比因过敏死亡的要多得多，因此证明了IgE在我们进化过程中的积极作用。
