Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
School of Public Health & Community Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 26;17(17):6186. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176186.
The aim of this study was to identify a best practice method to cost the health benefits of active transport for use in infrastructure planning in New South Wales, Australia. We systematically reviewed the international literature covering the concept areas of active transport and cost and health benefits. Original publications describing a method to cost the health benefits of active transport, published in 2000-2019 were included. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed against criteria identified in interviews with key government stakeholders. A total of 2993 studies were identified, 53 were assessed for eligibility, and 19 were included in the review. The most commonly studied active transport modes were cycling ( = 8) and walking and cycling ( = 6). Exposures considered were physical activity, road transport related injuries and air pollution. The most often applied economic evaluation method was cost benefit analysis ( = 8), and costs were commonly calculated by monetising health outcomes. Based on evaluation of models against the criteria, a Multistate Life Table model was recommended as the best method currently available. There is strong and increasing interest in quantifying and costing the health benefits of active transport internationally. Incorporating health-related economic benefits into existing regulatory processes such as cost benefit analyses could provide an effective way to encourage the non-health sector to include health impacts in infrastructure measures.
本研究旨在确定一种最佳实践方法，以量化澳大利亚新南威尔士州基础设施规划中积极交通的健康效益。我们系统地回顾了涵盖积极交通和成本与健康效益概念领域的国际文献。纳入的原始出版物描述了一种量化积极交通健康效益的方法，这些出版物发表于 2000 年至 2019 年。符合纳入标准的研究根据与关键政府利益相关者访谈中确定的标准进行评估。共确定了 2993 项研究，其中 53 项进行了资格评估，19 项研究纳入了综述。最常研究的积极交通模式是骑自行车（=8）和步行和骑自行车（=6）。考虑的暴露因素是身体活动、道路交通相关伤害和空气污染。最常应用的经济评估方法是成本效益分析（=8），并且通常通过将健康结果货币化来计算成本。根据对标准的模型评估，推荐使用多状态生命表模型作为目前可用的最佳方法。国际上越来越强烈地关注量化和量化积极交通的健康效益。将与健康相关的经济效益纳入成本效益分析等现有监管程序中，可能是鼓励非卫生部门将健康影响纳入基础设施措施的有效途径。
