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一种利用X光图像检测新冠病毒的深度学习方法。

A deep learning approach to detect Covid-19 coronavirus with X-Ray images.

作者信息

Jain Govardhan, Mittal Deepti, Thakur Daksh, Mittal Madhup K

机构信息

Department of Electrical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Computer Science (EMI), Hochschule Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany.

Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.

出版信息

Biocybern Biomed Eng. 2020 Oct-Dec;40(4):1391-1405. doi: 10.1016/j.bbe.2020.08.008. Epub 2020 Sep 7.

Abstract

Rapid and accurate detection of COVID-19 coronavirus is necessity of time to prevent and control of this pandemic by timely quarantine and medical treatment in absence of any vaccine. Daily increase in cases of COVID-19 patients worldwide and limited number of available detection kits pose difficulty in identifying the presence of disease. Therefore, at this point of time, necessity arises to look for other alternatives. Among already existing, widely available and low-cost resources, X-ray is frequently used imaging modality and on the other hand, deep learning techniques have achieved state-of-the-art performances in computer-aided medical diagnosis. Therefore, an alternative diagnostic tool to detect COVID-19 cases utilizing available resources and advanced deep learning techniques is proposed in this work. The proposed method is implemented in four phases, viz., data augmentation, preprocessing, stage-I and stage-II deep network model designing. This study is performed with online available resources of 1215 images and further strengthen by utilizing data augmentation techniques to provide better generalization of the model and to prevent the model overfitting by increasing the overall length of dataset to 1832 images. Deep network implementation in two stages is designed to differentiate COVID-19 induced pneumonia from healthy cases, bacterial and other virus induced pneumonia on X-ray images of chest. Comprehensive evaluations have been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with both (i) training-validation-testing and (ii) 5-fold cross validation procedures. High classification accuracy as 97.77%, recall as 97.14% and precision as 97.14% in case of COVID-19 detection shows the efficacy of proposed method in present need of time. Further, the deep network architecture showing averaged accuracy/sensitivity/specificity/precision/F1-score of 98.93/98.93/98.66/96.39/98.15 with 5-fold cross validation makes a promising outcome in COVID-19 detection using X-ray images.

摘要

在没有任何疫苗的情况下,通过及时隔离和治疗来预防和控制新冠疫情,快速准确地检测新冠病毒是当务之急。全球新冠患者病例每日增加,且可用检测试剂盒数量有限,这给疾病的识别带来了困难。因此,此时有必要寻找其他替代方法。在现有的、广泛可用且低成本的资源中,X射线是常用的成像方式,另一方面,深度学习技术在计算机辅助医学诊断中取得了先进的性能。因此,本文提出了一种利用现有资源和先进深度学习技术来检测新冠病例的替代诊断工具。所提出的方法分四个阶段实施,即数据增强、预处理、第一阶段和第二阶段深度网络模型设计。本研究使用1215张在线可用图像资源进行,并通过利用数据增强技术进一步强化,以提高模型的泛化能力,并通过将数据集总长度增加到1832张图像来防止模型过拟合。分两个阶段进行深度网络实现,旨在在胸部X射线图像上区分新冠病毒引起的肺炎与健康病例、细菌和其他病毒引起的肺炎。已经进行了全面评估,以通过(i)训练-验证-测试和(ii)5折交叉验证程序来证明所提出方法的有效性。在新冠病毒检测中,分类准确率高达97.77%,召回率为97.14%,精确率为97.14%,表明所提出方法在当前形势下的有效性。此外,在5折交叉验证中,深度网络架构的平均准确率/灵敏度/特异性/精确率/F1分数为98.93/98.93/98.66/96.39/98.15,这在使用X射线图像进行新冠病毒检测方面取得了有前景的结果。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cbaf/7476608/8bec88182dfd/gr1_lrg.jpg

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