Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Metab. 2020 Sep;2(9):849-857. doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-00277-4. Epub 2020 Sep 14.
Unhealthful lifestyle factors, such as obesity, disrupt organismal homeostasis and accelerate cancer pathogenesis, partly through metabolic and immunological dysregulation. Exercise is a prototypical strategy that maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular and molecular levels and can prevent or inhibit numerous disease conditions, including cancer. Here, we review unhealthful lifestyle factors that contribute to metabolic and immunological dysregulation and drive tumourigenesis, focusing on patient physiology (host)-tissue-tumour microenvironment interactions. We also discuss how exercise may influence distant tissue microenvironments, thereby improving tissue function through both metabolic and immunospecific pathways. Finally, we consider future directions that merit consideration in basic and clinical translational exercise studies.
不健康的生活方式因素，如肥胖，破坏了机体的内稳态，并通过代谢和免疫失调加速了癌症的发病机制。运动是一种典型的策略，它可以在机体、组织、细胞和分子水平上维持和恢复内稳态，并可以预防或抑制许多疾病状况，包括癌症。在这里，我们回顾了导致代谢和免疫失调并驱动肿瘤发生的不健康生活方式因素，重点关注患者生理学（宿主）-组织-肿瘤微环境相互作用。我们还讨论了运动如何通过代谢和免疫特异性途径影响远处组织微环境，从而改善组织功能。最后，我们考虑了在基础和临床转化运动研究中值得考虑的未来方向。
