American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
Kennedy Krieger Institute, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2021 Aug;27(4):313-329. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2020.0154. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
Bone is a highly vascularized organ, providing structural support to the body, and its development, regeneration, and remodeling depend on the microvascular homeostasis. Loss or impairment of vascular function can develop diseases, such as large bone defects, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteopetrosis. In this review, we summarize how vasculature controls bone development and homeostasis in normal and disease cases. A better understanding of this process will facilitate the development of novel disease treatments that promote bone regeneration and remodeling. Specifically, approaches based on tissue engineering components, such as stem cells and growth factors, have demonstrated the capacity to induce bone microvasculature regeneration and mineralization. This knowledge will have relevant clinical implications for the treatment of bone disorders by developing novel pharmaceutical approaches and bone grafts. Finally, the tissue engineering approaches incorporating vascular components may widely be applied to treat other organ diseases by enhancing their regeneration capacity. Impact statement Bone vasculature is imperative in the process of bone development, regeneration, and remodeling. Alterations or disruption of the bone vasculature leads to loss of bone homeostasis and the development of bone diseases. In this study, we review the role of vasculature on bone diseases and how vascular tissue engineering strategies, with a detailed emphasis on the role of stem cells and growth factors, will contribute to bone therapeutics.
骨骼是一个高度血管化的器官，为身体提供结构支撑，其发育、再生和重塑依赖于微血管的稳态。血管功能的丧失或损害会导致疾病的发生，如大骨缺损、骨坏死、骨质疏松症、骨关节炎和石骨症。在这篇综述中，我们总结了血管如何控制正常和疾病情况下骨骼的发育和稳态。更好地理解这一过程将有助于开发促进骨骼再生和重塑的新型疾病治疗方法。具体来说，基于组织工程成分（如干细胞和生长因子）的方法已经证明了诱导骨微血管再生和矿化的能力。这些知识将对通过开发新的药物治疗方法和骨移植物来治疗骨骼疾病具有重要的临床意义。最后，将血管成分纳入组织工程方法可能会通过增强其再生能力而广泛应用于治疗其他器官疾病。
