Xue Chen, Zhao Yalei, Li Lanjuan
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China.
National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China.
Biomark Res. 2020 Sep 14;8:43. doi: 10.1186/s40364-020-00225-0. eCollection 2020.
As an important posttranscriptional modification of RNA, 5-methylcytosine (mC) has attracted increasing interest recently, with accumulating evidence suggesting the involvement of RNA mC modification in multiple cellular processes as well as tumorigenesis. Cooperatively, advances in mC detection techniques have enabled transcriptome mapping of RNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution, thus stimulating mC-based investigations. In this review, we summarize currently available approaches for detecting mC distribution in RNA as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. Moreover, we elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of RNA mC modification by introducing the molecular structure, catalytic substrates, cellular distributions and biological functions of RNA mC regulators. The functional consequences of mC modification on mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs and other RNA species, including viral RNAs and vault RNAs, are also discussed. Finally, we review the role of RNA mC modification in cancer pathogenesis and progression, in hopes of providing new insights into cancer treatment.
作为RNA重要的转录后修饰，5-甲基胞嘧啶（mC）近来愈发受到关注，越来越多的证据表明RNA mC修饰参与多种细胞过程以及肿瘤发生。同时，mC检测技术的进展使得能够在单核苷酸分辨率下对RNA甲基化进行转录组图谱绘制，从而推动了基于mC的研究。在本综述中，我们总结了目前用于检测RNA中mC分布的可用方法以及这些技术的优缺点。此外，我们通过介绍RNA mC调节剂的分子结构、催化底物、细胞分布和生物学功能，阐明RNA mC修饰的调控机制。还讨论了mC修饰对mRNA、tRNA、rRNA和其他RNA种类（包括病毒RNA和穹窿体RNA）的功能影响。最后，我们综述了RNA mC修饰在癌症发病机制和进展中的作用，希望能为癌症治疗提供新的见解。
