Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2021 Mar;31(2):257-265. doi: 10.1038/s41370-020-00264-7. Epub 2020 Sep 20.
Phthalates are ubiquitous indoor pollutants which have been associated with child airway disease although results are inconclusive. This study examined associations between phthalate levels in residential indoor dust and croup during infancy. Settled indoor dust was collected in 482 homes of 6-month-old infants in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study and analysed for seven phthalates and one phthalate replacement using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The incidence of parental reported croup at 12 months was 6.4% for girls and 13.4% for boys. Associations between phthalate dust levels and croup were analysed by logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. We found significant associations between di-ethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) in residential dust and parental reported croup (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08-2.73 and 2.07; 1.00-4.30, respectively). Stratified results for boys showed significant associations between DEP and butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBzP) in dust and infant croup (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.04-3.34 and 2.02; 1.04-3.90, respectively). Results for girls had questionable statistical power due to few cases. Our results suggest that exposure to phthalates in dust is a risk factor for airway inflammatory responses in infant children.
邻苯二甲酸酯是普遍存在的室内污染物，尽管结果尚无定论，但它们与儿童气道疾病有关。本研究探讨了居住室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯水平与婴儿期喘鸣之间的关系。在瑞典环境纵向、母婴、哮喘和过敏（SELMA）研究中，在 482 户 6 个月大婴儿的家中采集了沉降室内灰尘，并使用气相色谱-串联质谱法对 7 种邻苯二甲酸酯和 1 种邻苯二甲酸酯替代品进行了分析。女孩和男孩的父母报告 12 个月时喘鸣的发生率分别为 6.4%和 13.4%。通过逻辑回归分析了邻苯二甲酸酯灰尘水平与喘鸣之间的关系，并对潜在的混杂因素进行了调整。我们发现，居住环境灰尘中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）与父母报告的喘鸣之间存在显著相关性（调整后的优势比（aOR）=1.71；95%置信区间：1.08-2.73 和 2.07；1.00-4.30）。对于男孩，分层结果显示灰尘中 DEP 和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBzP）与婴儿喘鸣之间存在显著相关性（aOR=1.86；95%置信区间：1.04-3.34 和 2.02；1.04-3.90）。由于病例较少，女孩的结果统计学意义存在疑问。我们的研究结果表明，暴露于灰尘中的邻苯二甲酸酯是婴儿气道炎症反应的一个危险因素。
