Division of Public Health Sciences, Institution of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88, Karlstad, Sweden.
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
Environ Res. 2022 Sep;212(Pt C):113429. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113429. Epub 2022 May 7.
Phthalates are common in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics and numerous consumer goods in our homes from which they can migrate and adhere to indoor dust particles. It is known that indoor dust exposure contribute to human phthalate intake; however, there is a lack of large studies with a repeated-measure design investigating how phthalate levels in indoor dust may vary over time in people's homes. This study investigated levels of seven phthalates and one alternative plasticiser di-iso-nonyl-cyclohexane-di-carboxylate (DiNCH) in bedroom dust collected prenatally around week 25 during pregnancy and postnatally at six months after birth, from 496 Swedish homes. Prenatal and postnatal phthalate levels were compared using correlation and season-adjusted general linear regression models. Over the nine-month period, levels of six out of seven phthalates were associated as indicated by a positive Pearson correlation (0.18 < r < 0.50, P < .001) and Lin's concordance correlation between matched prenatal and postnatal dust samples. Compared to prenatal levels, the season-adjusted postnatal levels decreased for five phthalates, whilst di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP) and DiNCH increased. The results suggest that families with higher phthalate levels in bedroom dust during pregnancy are likely to remain among those with higher levels in the infancy period. However, all average phthalate levels changed over this specific nine-month period suggesting that available phthalate sources or their use were altered between the dust collections. Changes in home characteristics, family lifestyle, and phthalate replacement trends may contribute to explain the differences.
邻苯二甲酸酯普遍存在于聚氯乙烯（PVC）塑料和我们家中的众多消费品中，它们会从这些产品中迁移并附着在室内灰尘颗粒上。已知室内灰尘暴露会导致人体摄入邻苯二甲酸酯；然而，缺乏大型的、采用重复测量设计的研究来调查人们家中室内灰尘中的邻苯二甲酸酯水平随时间的变化。本研究调查了 496 户瑞典家庭在怀孕 25 周左右的胎儿期和出生后 6 个月的婴儿期收集的卧室灰尘中 7 种邻苯二甲酸酯和 1 种替代增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DiNCH）的水平。使用相关和季节调整的一般线性回归模型比较了胎儿期和婴儿期的邻苯二甲酸酯水平。在九个月期间，有六种邻苯二甲酸酯呈正皮尔逊相关（0.18 < r < 0.50，P <.001），并且匹配的胎儿期和婴儿期灰尘样本之间的林氏一致性相关，表明七种邻苯二甲酸酯中有六种的水平相关。与胎儿期水平相比，调整季节后的婴儿期水平下降了 5 种邻苯二甲酸酯，而邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-丙基庚基）酯（DPHP）和 DiNCH 增加。结果表明，在怀孕期间卧室灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯水平较高的家庭，在婴儿期可能仍然处于较高水平。然而，所有平均邻苯二甲酸酯水平在这一特定的九个月期间发生了变化，这表明在两次灰尘收集之间，可用的邻苯二甲酸酯来源或其用途发生了变化。家庭特征、家庭生活方式和邻苯二甲酸酯替代趋势的变化可能有助于解释这些差异。
