Carlisle Nancy B, Woodman Geoffrey F
Lehigh University, Department of Psychology, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
Vanderbilt University Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Nashville, TN, USA.
Vis cogn. 2019;27(5-8):452-466. doi: 10.1080/13506285.2019.1634172. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
Various theoretical proposals have been put forward to explain how memory representations control attention during visual search. In this study, we use the first saccade on each trial as away to quantify the attentional impact of multiple types of representations held in working memory. Across two experiments, we found that a search target maintained in working memory was attended over 20 times more frequently than a non-memory-matching distractor. In addition, an item matching an additional object represented in working memory was attended 2 times more frequently than a non-memory matching distractor. These findings show that there is a measurable attentional impact of items maintained in working memory for a future task, however, such representations have a much weaker attentional impact than working memory representations of search targets.
为了解释记忆表征如何在视觉搜索过程中控制注意力,人们提出了各种理论建议。在本研究中,我们将每次试验中的首次眼跳作为一种方式,来量化工作记忆中多种类型表征的注意力影响。在两项实验中,我们发现,工作记忆中保持的搜索目标被关注的频率比非记忆匹配干扰项高出20倍以上。此外,与工作记忆中额外表征的物体相匹配的项目被关注的频率比非记忆匹配干扰项高出2倍。这些发现表明,对于未来任务而言,工作记忆中保持的项目存在可测量的注意力影响,然而,此类表征的注意力影响比搜索目标的工作记忆表征要弱得多。