Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2022 Feb;36(1):100-108. doi: 10.1037/adb0000644. Epub 2020 Sep 21.
The aim of this study was to examine dependence on combustible and e-cigarettes among users of both products (dual users), which may provide important insights into long-term use patterns. Dual users (smoking daily for 3 months, using e-cigarettes at least once/week for the past month; = 256; 45% women, 71% White, age 39.0 years) not interested in quitting either product participated in a longitudinal, 2-year, observational study. At baseline, participants completed measures of combustible and e-cigarette dependence (Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence [FTCD], e-FTCD, Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives [WISDM], e-WISDM, Penn State Cigarette Dependence Index, and Penn State E-Cigarette Dependence Index) and carried a study smartphone for 2 weeks to record cigarette and e-cigarette use events. Most measures of dependence were product specific (e.g., FTCD and e-FTCD were not correlated, = -0.003) and predicted product-specific outcomes (e.g., long-term use of that product). However, individuals used the two products for some of the same secondary dependence motives (e.g., weight control, cognitive and affective enhancement). These secondary, or instrumental, motives predicted use of both products at 1 year. Which product was used first in the morning was strongly related to product dependence scores and likelihood of continued product use at 1 year. Among dual users of combustible and e-cigarettes, measures of e-cigarette and cigarette dependence tended to be unrelated to one another, but dual users tended to use both products for the same instrumental motives. Which product is used first in the morning may serve as a valuable measure of relative dependence on the two products. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究旨在调查同时使用可燃香烟和电子烟的使用者（双重使用者）对这两种产品的依赖程度，这可能为长期使用模式提供重要的见解。256 名双重使用者（每日吸烟 3 个月，过去一个月至少每周使用电子烟一次/周；45%为女性，71%为白人，年龄 39.0 岁）对两种产品都没有戒烟的兴趣，参与了一项为期 2 年的纵向观察研究。在基线时，参与者完成了可燃香烟和电子烟依赖程度的测量（尼古丁依赖测试量表 [FTCD]、电子烟尼古丁依赖测试量表 [e-FTCD]、威斯康星州吸烟依赖动机量表 [WISDM]、电子烟威斯康星州吸烟依赖动机量表 [e-WISDM]、宾夕法尼亚州香烟依赖指数和宾夕法尼亚州电子烟依赖指数），并携带研究用智能手机记录 2 周的香烟和电子烟使用事件。大多数依赖程度的测量都是针对特定产品的（例如，FTCD 和 e-FTCD 不相关，= -0.003），并预测特定产品的结果（例如，该产品的长期使用）。然而，个体使用这两种产品的一些相同的次要依赖动机（例如，控制体重、认知和情感增强）。这些次要的或工具性的动机预测了在 1 年内使用这两种产品。在早上首先使用哪种产品与产品依赖评分和在 1 年内继续使用产品的可能性密切相关。在同时使用可燃香烟和电子烟的双重使用者中，电子烟和香烟依赖程度的测量结果往往彼此不相关，但双重使用者往往出于相同的工具性动机同时使用这两种产品。在早上首先使用哪种产品可能是衡量对这两种产品相对依赖程度的一个有价值的指标。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
