Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 112 82 Stockholm, Sweden.
School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK.
Nutrients. 2020 Sep 19;12(9):2871. doi: 10.3390/nu12092871.
Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide with significant health and societal burdens. To date, no clinical cures are available and treatments target only the manageable symptoms and risk factors (but do not remediate the underlying pathology of the disease). Both diseases are neurodegenerative in their pathology of the retina and as such many of the events that trigger cell dysfunction, degeneration, and eventual loss are due to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we critically review how a decreased bioavailability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD; a crucial metabolite in healthy and disease states) may underpin many of these aberrant mechanisms. We propose how exogenous sources of NAD may become a therapeutic standard for the treatment of these conditions.
青光眼和年龄相关性黄斑变性是全球范围内导致不可逆性失明的主要原因，给健康和社会带来了重大负担。迄今为止，尚无临床治愈方法，治疗方法仅针对可管理的症状和风险因素（但不能改善疾病的根本病理）。这两种疾病在视网膜的病理方面都是神经退行性的，因此，许多引发细胞功能障碍、退化和最终丧失的事件都归因于线粒体功能障碍、炎症和氧化应激。在这里，我们批判性地回顾了烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD；健康和疾病状态下的关键代谢物）生物利用度的降低如何可能成为许多这些异常机制的基础。我们提出了外源性 NAD 来源如何可能成为治疗这些疾病的治疗标准。
