Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University/UNESP, Av. Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2021 Apr;13(2):506-517. doi: 10.1007/s12602-020-09712-0. Epub 2020 Sep 27.
Streptococcus mutans is considered to be a major bacterium involved in dental caries, and the control of virulence mechanisms is fundamental to prevent disease. Probiotics present a promising preventive method; however, the use of probiotics requires its incorporation into delivery materials to facilitate oral colonization. Thus, we performed a comprehensive study examining preventive effects of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4-enriched gellan hydrogel materials to inhibit S. mutans in planktonic and biofilm states, addressing its influence in the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and altered gene expression of several cariogenic virulence factors. L. paracasei 28.4, a strain isolated from the oral cavity of a caries-free individual, was incorporated in three gellan hydrogels (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% w/v). The pretreatment with probiotic-gellan formulations provided a release of L. paracasei cells over 24 h that was sufficient to inhibit the planktonic growth of S. mutans, independent of the gellan concentrations and pH variations. This pretreatment also had inhibitory activity against S. mutans biofilms, exhibiting a reduction of 0.57 to 1.54 log in CFU/mL (p < 0.0001) and a decrease of 68.8 to 71.3% in total biomass (p < 0.0001) compared with the control group. These inhibitory effects were associated with the decreased production of EPS by 80% (p < 0.0001) and the downregulation of luxS, brpA, gbpB, and gtfB genes. The gellan formulation containing L. paracasei 28.4 exhibited probiotic effects for preventing S. mutans growth, biofilm formation, and production of cariogenic factors to suggest possible use in tooth decay prevention.
变形链球菌被认为是导致龋齿的主要细菌，控制其毒力机制对于预防疾病至关重要。益生菌是一种很有前途的预防方法；然而，益生菌的使用需要将其纳入输送材料中，以促进口腔定植。因此，我们进行了一项全面的研究，考察了富含副干酪乳杆菌 28.4 的凝胶水凝胶材料对抑制浮游和生物膜状态下变形链球菌的预防作用，研究了其对细胞外多糖（EPS）产生的影响以及几种致龋毒力因子的基因表达变化。副干酪乳杆菌 28.4 是从无龋个体口腔中分离出来的菌株，被纳入三种凝胶水凝胶（0.5%、0.75%和 1%w/v）中。益生菌-凝胶制剂的预处理可在 24 小时内释放足够数量的副干酪乳杆菌细胞，足以抑制变形链球菌的浮游生长，而与凝胶浓度和 pH 值变化无关。这种预处理对变形链球菌生物膜也具有抑制活性，与对照组相比，CFU/mL 减少了 0.57 至 1.54 对数（p<0.0001），总生物量减少了 68.8%至 71.3%（p<0.0001）。这些抑制作用与 EPS 产量减少 80%（p<0.0001）和 luxS、brpA、gbpB 和 gtfB 基因下调有关。含有副干酪乳杆菌 28.4 的凝胶制剂表现出预防变形链球菌生长、生物膜形成和产龋因子的益生菌作用，提示其可能用于预防龋齿。
