Paenibacillus lycopersici sp. nov. and Paenibacillus rhizovicinus sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria, designated 12200R-189 and 14171R-81 were isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains 12200R-189 and 14171R-81 were 97.2%. Both strains showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Paenibacillus sacheonensis SY01 (96.3% and 98.0%, respectively). The genome of strain 12200R-189 was approximately 6.7 Mb in size with 5,750 protein-coding genes (CDSs) and the G + C content was 58.1 mol%, whereas that of strain 14171R-81 comprised one chromosome of 7.0 Mb and two plasmids (0.2 Mb each) with 6,595 CDSs and the G + C content was 54.5 mol%. Comparative genome analysis revealed that average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values among 12200R-189, 14171R-81, and other closely related species were below the cut-off levels 95% and 70%, respectively. Strain 12200R-189 grew at a temperature range of 15-40°C, pH 6.0-9.0, and 0-3% NaCl (w/v), whereas strain 14171R-81 grew at a temperature range of 10-37°C, pH 6.0-8.0, and 0-1% NaCl (w/v). Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only isoprenoid quinone detected in both strains. The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were iso-C, anteiso-C, and iso-C. The polar lipids of strain 12200R-189 were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), aminophospholipid (APL), phospholipid (PL), phosphatidylglycolipid (PGL), and four aminophosphoglycolipids (APGLs) and those of strain 14171R-81 were DPG, PG, PE, APL, three PLs, two PGLs, and three APGLs. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains 12200R-189 and 14171R-81 represent two novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus lycopersici sp. nov. and Paenibacillus rhizovicinus sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are 12200R-189 (= KACC 19916 = CCTCC AB 2020027) and 14171R-81 (= KACC 19915 = CCTCC AB 2020026).