Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry CROM-MASS, Research Center for Biomolecules CIBIMOL, School of Chemistry, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
J Sep Sci. 2020 Dec;43(23):4322-4337. doi: 10.1002/jssc.202000776. Epub 2020 Nov 9.
Hepatotoxic and genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been involved in the acute poisoning of animals and humans. Crotalaria (Fabaceae) species contain these alkaloids. In this work, the diversity and distribution of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in roots, leaves, flowers, and seeds of Crotalaria pallida, Crotalaria maypurensis, Crotalaria retusa, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria incana, and Crotalaria nitens were studied. Matrix solid-phase dispersion and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry were successfully employed in pyrrolizidine alkaloids extraction and analysis, respectively. Forty-five pyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected and their identification was based on the mass spectrometry accurate mass measurement and fragmentation pattern analysis. The cyclic retronecine-type diesters monocrotaline, crotaleschenine, integerrimine, usaramine, and their N-oxides were predominantly present. Five novel alkaloids were identified for the first time in Crotalaria species, namely 14-hydroxymonocrotaline, 12-acetylcrotaleschenine, 12-acetylmonocrotaline, 12-acetylintegerrimine, and dihydrointegerrimine. Due to a lack of commercially available standards, the response factor of monocrotaline was used for quantification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides. Seeds and flowers possessed higher pyrrolizidine alkaloids amounts than roots and leaves. Due to their 1,2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids content, the ingestion of Crotalaria plant seeds or other parts through herbal products, infusions, or natural remedies is a serious health threat to humans and livestock.
肝毒性和遗传毒性吡咯里西啶生物碱已涉及动物和人类的急性中毒。 雀稗属（豆科）物种含有这些生物碱。 在这项工作中，研究了苍白雀稗、大托叶雀稗、窄叶雀稗、大穗雀稗、多毛雀稗和光亮雀稗的根、叶、花和种子中吡咯里西啶生物碱的多样性和分布。 基质固相分散和超高效液相色谱-轨道阱质谱联用分别成功地用于吡咯里西啶生物碱的提取和分析。 检测到 45 种吡咯里西啶生物碱，其鉴定基于质谱精确质量测量和碎片模式分析。 主要存在环 retronecine 型二酯单克托莱宁、克托莱辛、整数明、乌沙明及其 N-氧化物。 首次在雀稗属植物中鉴定出 5 种新生物碱，分别为 14-羟基单克托莱宁、12-乙酰克托莱辛、12-乙酰单克托莱宁、12-乙酰整数明和二氢整数明。 由于缺乏市售标准，使用单克托莱宁的响应因子对吡咯里西啶生物碱及其 N-氧化物进行定量。 种子和花比根和叶含有更高含量的吡咯里西啶生物碱。 由于其 1,2-不饱和吡咯里西啶生物碱含量，通过草药产品、浸剂或天然疗法摄入雀稗植物种子或其他部分对人类和牲畜构成严重的健康威胁。
