Mahmood Rashid, Kayani Waqas Khan, Ahmed Tanveer, Malik Farnaz, Hussain Shahzad, Ashfaq Muhammad, Ali Hussain, Rubnawaz Samina, Green Brian D, Calderwood Danielle, Kenny Owen, Rivera Gerardo A, Mirza Bushra, Rasheed Faiza
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Drugs Control & Traditional Medicines Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020 Sep 29;20(1):293. doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-03035-x.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that may occur due to genetic, environmental or lifestyle factors. Natural remedies have been used to treat diabetes since long and many antidiabetic compounds of varied efficacies have been isolated from medicinal plants. Rhazya stricta has been used for decades for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and associated ailments. Considering the folkloric use of R. stricta against diabetes, it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of its root extracts against diabetes through in vitro assays and in vivo studies using animal model along with phytochemical profiling through GCMS.
Various fractions of Rhazya stricta obtained through column chromatography were evaluated for a variety of assays including α-glucosidase, Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), β-secretase and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion studies. For the in vivo studies the alloxan-induced diabetic mice were treated with root extracts and blood glucose levels, HbA1C, and other biochemical markers along with the histological study of the liver were done. The phytochemical identification was performed using an Agilent 7890B GC coupled to a 7010 Triple Quadrupole (MS/MS) system. GraphPad Prism software version 5.01 was used for statistical analysis.
Majority of the extract fractions showed excellent results against diabetes by inhibiting enzymes DPP-IV (Up to 61%) and β-secretase (Up to 83%) with IC 979 μg/ml and 169 μg/ml respectively with increase in the GLP1 secretion. The results of in vivo studies indicated a marked reduction in blood glucose and HbA1c levels along with positive effects on other parameters like lipid profile, liver functions and renal functions of extract-treated mice as compared to control. The histological examination of the liver demonstrated hepatoprotective effects against diabetes led changes and various classes of phytochemicals were also identified through GCMS in different fractions.
The results revealed strong antidiabetic activity of R. stricta root with the potential to protect body organs against diabetic changes. Moreover, a variety of phytochemicals has also been identified through GCMS that might be responsible for the antidiabetic potential of Rhazya stricta root.
糖尿病是一种以高血糖为特征的慢性疾病，其发生可能归因于遗传、环境或生活方式因素。长期以来，天然药物一直被用于治疗糖尿病，并且已经从药用植物中分离出了许多具有不同疗效的抗糖尿病化合物。数十年来，刺山柑一直被用于治疗糖尿病及相关疾病。鉴于刺山柑在民间用于治疗糖尿病，本研究旨在通过体外实验、使用动物模型的体内研究以及气相色谱-质谱联用（GCMS）的植物化学分析，来探究其根提取物对糖尿病的治疗效果。
对通过柱色谱法获得的刺山柑的不同馏分进行了多种实验评估，包括α-葡萄糖苷酶、二肽基肽酶-IV（DPP-IV）、β-分泌酶以及胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）分泌研究。在体内研究中，用根提取物处理四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠，并检测其血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）以及其他生化指标，同时对肝脏进行组织学研究。使用安捷伦7890B气相色谱仪与7010三重四极杆（MS/MS）系统进行植物化学鉴定。使用GraphPad Prism 5.01软件进行统计分析。
大多数提取物馏分通过抑制DPP-IV酶（高达61%）和β-分泌酶（高达83%）对糖尿病显示出优异的治疗效果，其半数抑制浓度（IC）分别为979μg/ml和169μg/ml，同时GLP1分泌增加。体内研究结果表明，与对照组相比，提取物处理的小鼠血糖和HbA1c水平显著降低，并且对脂质谱、肝功能和肾功能等其他参数产生了积极影响。肝脏组织学检查显示对糖尿病引起的变化具有肝保护作用，并且通过GCMS在不同馏分中还鉴定出了各类植物化学物质。
结果表明刺山柑根具有强大的抗糖尿病活性，并有保护身体器官免受糖尿病变化影响的潜力。此外，通过GCMS还鉴定出了多种植物化学物质，它们可能是刺山柑根抗糖尿病潜力的原因所在。
