Assistant Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems in the European Community, Managing and Improving Quality in Nursing, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia.
Institute for Political Management, Dunajska 106, 1000Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2020 Sep 30;21:e38. doi: 10.1017/S1463423620000419.
This study aimed to identify nurses' views on influenza vaccination and factors that might explain why they do not receive influenza vaccinations, and to examine any ethical issues encountered in the vaccination process.
All 27 European Union member states and 2 other European countries recommended influenza vaccinations for healthcare workers in 2014-15. Data show that the influenza vaccination rate among nurses in Slovenia is even lower than in other European countries. Slovenian study showed that 41.7% of the respondents had received both the pandemic and the seasonal vaccine. Doctors had the highest level of vaccine coverage, with 44.1%, followed by registered nurses at 23.4%, whereas the lowest level was found among nursing assistants and nursing technicians (17%) at a Ljubljana health clinic.
A qualitative study was carried out. Nineteen nurses who did not receive influenza vaccination took part in the study. Thematic interviews were conducted in December 2018. Interview transcripts were read, coded, reviewed and labelled by three independent researchers. The collected material was processed using qualitative content analysis.
Thirteen categories and four themes were identified and coded, which enabled an understanding of the nurses' views regarding influenza vaccination. Most of their experiences were positive in one way: they recognised the importance of vaccination and people's awareness of it. However, they did not obtain the influenza vaccine themselves. The main barriers to vaccination were doubt regarding the vaccine's effectiveness, the potential for side effects, the belief that young healthcare professionals are well protected and not at high risk, an overrated trust in their own immune systems, and the belief that pharmaceutical industry marketing was targeting them. The nurses suggested several ways that vaccination could be promoted and improved vaccination coverage achieved. These findings call attention to the importance of recognising both the need for targeted information for the nurses and the need for different approaches to healthcare provision.
本研究旨在确定护士对流感疫苗接种的看法，以及可能解释他们为何未接种流感疫苗的因素，并研究接种过程中遇到的任何伦理问题。
2014-15 年，所有 27 个欧盟成员国和另外 2 个欧洲国家建议医护人员接种流感疫苗。数据显示，斯洛文尼亚护士的流感疫苗接种率甚至低于其他欧洲国家。斯洛文尼亚的研究表明，41.7%的受访者同时接种了大流行疫苗和季节性疫苗。医生的疫苗接种率最高，为 44.1%，其次是注册护士，为 23.4%，而在卢布尔雅那一家诊所，护理助理和护理技师的接种率最低，为 17%。
本研究采用定性研究方法。19 名未接种流感疫苗的护士参与了研究。2018 年 12 月进行了主题访谈。三名独立研究人员对访谈记录进行了阅读、编码、审查和标记。使用定性内容分析对收集的材料进行处理。
确定并编码了 13 个类别和 4 个主题，这些类别和主题使我们能够理解护士对流感疫苗接种的看法。他们的大多数经验在某种程度上是积极的：他们认识到疫苗接种的重要性和人们的疫苗接种意识。然而，他们自己并没有接种流感疫苗。接种疫苗的主要障碍是怀疑疫苗的有效性、潜在的副作用、认为年轻的医护人员受到很好的保护，并且感染风险不高、对自身免疫系统的过高信任以及认为制药行业的营销对象是他们。护士们提出了一些可以促进疫苗接种和提高疫苗接种覆盖率的方法。这些发现提醒我们，既要认识到为护士提供有针对性信息的重要性，也要认识到提供不同医疗服务方法的重要性。
