Ifa La, Yani Setyawati, Nurjannah Nurjannah, Darnengsih Darnengsih, Rusnaenah Andi, Mel Maizirwan, Mahfud Mahfud, Kusuma Heri Septya
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Jalan Urip Sumoharjo Km 05 Makassar, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90231, Indonesia.
Department of Chemical Engineering Polymers, Politeknik STMI Jakarta, Jakarta 10510, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2020 Sep 22;6(9):e05009. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05009. eCollection 2020 Sep.
The implementation of this research consists of 2 (two) aspects: the making and testing of bio-briquettes called technological aspects and economic analysis called economic aspects. Bio-briquettes is made from cashew nutshell waste obtained from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is followed by pyrolysis, which is carried out in a simple batch type reactor by heating using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The bio-briquettes product has a calorific value of 29.49 MJ/kg, moisture content of 5.3%, ash content of 4.96%, volatile substances content of 17.16%, and carbon content of 72.62%, which meets the universally accepted bio-briquettes standard (SNI 016235-2000), Japanese, English and ISO 17225. The bio-briquettes product is suitable as an energy source. The economic analysis of the cashew nutshell was analyzed to determine its economic feasibility. For the bio-briquettes production capacity in 2,000 tons/year, cashew nut shell-briquettes products can be sold at 1,052,878 USD/year. The total production cost is USD842,304/year. The net profit is of USD147,402/year. The cost of LPG for 2,000 tons/year production capacity is USD954,358/years. The replacement of LPG with cashew seed bio-briquettes tends to help the average household of Muna Regency community to reduce the annual cost by 37.00%. In conclusion, bio-briquettes production's economic feasibility as analyzed from the investment rate is 23.55%, payout time is 3.42 years, and break-even point is 50.09%.
生物型煤的制作与测试，即技术方面；以及经济分析，即经济方面。生物型煤由印度尼西亚东南苏拉威西省的腰果壳废料制成。随后进行热解，热解在一个简单的间歇式反应器中通过使用液化石油气（LPG）加热来进行。该生物型煤产品的热值为29.49兆焦/千克，水分含量为5.3%，灰分含量为4.96%，挥发物含量为17.16%，碳含量为72.62%，符合普遍认可的生物型煤标准（SNI 016235 - 2000）、日本、英国和ISO 17225标准。该生物型煤产品适合作为能源。对腰果壳进行了经济分析以确定其经济可行性。对于年产2000吨的生物型煤生产能力，腰果壳生物型煤产品每年可售得1,052,878美元。总生产成本为每年842,304美元。净利润为每年147,402美元。年产200吨的LPG成本为每年954,358美元。用腰果籽生物型煤替代LPG往往有助于穆纳摄政区社区的普通家庭将年度成本降低37.00%。总之，从投资回报率分析，生物型煤生产的经济可行性为23.55%，投资回收期为3.42年，盈亏平衡点为50.09%。
