Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 2;15(10):e0239829. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239829. eCollection 2020.
Although foot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Ethiopia, use of vaccines to control the disease has been practiced sparingly. This is due to perceived high cost of good quality FMD vaccine, and consequently limited availability of the vaccine in the market. This study was conducted to assess farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for a quality FMD vaccine and identify factors that could potentially influence their WTP in Amhara region of Ethiopia. A total of 398 farmers from four districts that represent the mixed crop-livestock and market oriented production systems were enrolled for the study. The WTP was estimated using contingent valuation method with a double-bound dichotomous choice bid design. Interval regression analysis was used to estimate mean WTP and identify factors that influence it. The results showed that the mean WTP of all farmers was Ethiopian Birr (ETB) 58.23 (95% CI: 56.20-60.26)/annual dose. It was ETB 75.23 (95% CI: 72. 97-74.49) for market oriented farmers and ETB 42.6 (95%CI: 41.24-43.96) for mixed crop livestock farmers. Willingness to pay for the vaccine was significantly higher for farmers in market oriented system than in mixed crop livestock system. It was also significantly higher for farmers whose main livelihood is livestock than those whose main livelihood is other than livestock, and for farmers who keep exotic breed cattle and their crosses than those who keep only local cattle breeds. Willingness to pay significantly increased with increase in FMD impact perception and vaccine knowledge scores of farmers. The high mean WTP estimates showed that farmers are enthusiastic about using the FMD vaccine. Market-oriented farmers with higher willingness to pay may be more likely to pay full cost if official FMD vaccination is planned in the country than mixed crop livestock farmers. Animal health extension about livestock diseases impact and vaccines has a potential to increase farmers' uptake of vaccines for disease control.
尽管口蹄疫（FMD）在埃塞俄比亚流行，但很少使用疫苗来控制该疾病。这是因为人们认为优质 FMD 疫苗成本高，因此市场上疫苗的供应有限。本研究旨在评估农民对优质 FMD 疫苗的支付意愿（WTP），并确定可能影响他们在埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区 WTP 的因素。共有来自四个代表混合作物-牲畜和面向市场的生产系统的区的 398 名农民参加了这项研究。使用具有双边界二分选择投标设计的条件价值评估法估计 WTP。区间回归分析用于估计平均 WTP 并确定影响它的因素。结果表明，所有农民的平均 WTP 为埃塞俄比亚比尔（ETB）58.23（95%CI：56.20-60.26）/年剂量。面向市场的农民为 ETB 75.23（95%CI：72.97-74.49），混合作物牲畜农民为 ETB 42.6（95%CI：41.24-43.96）。市场导向型农民的疫苗接种意愿明显高于混合作物牲畜农民。对于主要生计是畜牧业的农民而言，其意愿明显高于非畜牧业农民，对于饲养外来品种牛及其杂交品种的农民而言，其意愿明显高于仅饲养当地牛品种的农民。随着农民对 FMD 影响感知和疫苗知识得分的提高，支付意愿显著增加。高平均 WTP 估计表明农民热衷于使用 FMD 疫苗。如果计划在该国进行官方 FMD 疫苗接种，那么具有较高支付意愿的面向市场的农民可能更愿意支付全部费用，而不是混合作物牲畜农民。关于牲畜疾病影响和疫苗的动物健康推广有可能增加农民对疾病控制疫苗的接种率。
