儿童硅胶手环中尼古丁、可替宁和烟草特异性亚硝胺与二手烟和电子烟蒸汽暴露的关系。
Nicotine, Cotinine, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Measured in Children's Silicone Wristbands in Relation to Secondhand Smoke and E-cigarette Vapor Exposure.
机构信息
School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Feb 16;23(3):592-599. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa140.
INTRODUCTION
Simple silicone wristbands (WB) hold promise for exposure assessment in children. We previously reported strong correlations between nicotine in WB worn by children and urinary cotinine (UC). Here, we investigated differences in WB chemical concentrations among children exposed to secondhand smoke from conventional cigarettes (CC) or secondhand vapor from electronic cigarettes (EC), and children living with nonusers of either product (NS).
METHODS
Children (n = 53) wore three WB and a passive nicotine air sampler for 7 days and one WB for 2 days, and gave a urine sample on day 7. Caregivers reported daily exposures during the 7-day period. We determined nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) concentrations in WB, nicotine in air samplers, and UC through isotope-dilution liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
Nicotine and cotinine levels in WB in children differentiated between groups of children recruited into NS, EC exposed, and CC exposed groups in a similar manner to UC. WB levels were significantly higher in the CC group (WB nicotine median 233.8 ng/g silicone, UC median 3.6 ng/mL, n = 15) than the EC group (WB nicotine median: 28.9 ng/g, UC 0.5 ng/mL, n = 19), and both CC and EC group levels were higher than the NS group (WB nicotine median: 3.7 ng/g, UC 0.1 ng/mL, n = 19). TSNAs, including the known carcinogen NNK, were detected in 39% of WB.
CONCLUSIONS
Silicone WB show promise for sensitive detection of exposure to tobacco-related contaminants from traditional and electronic cigarettes and have potential for tobacco control efforts.
IMPLICATIONS
Silicone WB worn by children can absorb nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and amounts of these compounds are closely related to the child's urinary cotinine. Levels of tobacco-specific compounds in the silicone WB can distinguish patterns of children's exposure to secondhand smoke and e-cigarette vapor. Silicone WB are simple to use and acceptable to children and, therefore, may be useful for tobacco control activities such as parental awareness and behavior change, and effects of smoke-free policy implementation.
简介
简单的硅树脂腕带（WB）有望用于儿童的暴露评估。我们之前报道过儿童佩戴的尼古丁 WB 与尿中可替宁（UC）之间的强相关性。在这里，我们研究了暴露于传统香烟（CC）二手烟或电子烟二手蒸气（EC）的儿童与不使用任何一种产品的儿童（NS）之间 WB 化学浓度的差异。
方法
53 名儿童（n = 53）佩戴了三个 WB 和一个被动尼古丁空气采样器 7 天，并在第 7 天佩戴了一个 WB，同时还在第 7 天采集了尿液样本。在 7 天期间，照顾者报告了每天的暴露情况。我们通过同位素稀释液相色谱法和三重四极杆质谱法测定了 WB 中的尼古丁、可替宁和烟草特异性亚硝胺（TSNAs）浓度、空气采样器中的尼古丁以及 UC。
结果
在以类似方式将 UC 纳入 NS、EC 暴露和 CC 暴露组的儿童中，区分了 NS、EC 暴露和 CC 暴露组儿童的 WB 中尼古丁和可替宁水平。CC 组（WB 尼古丁中位数 233.8ng/g 硅树脂，UC 中位数 3.6ng/mL，n = 15）的 WB 水平明显高于 EC 组（WB 尼古丁中位数：28.9ng/g，UC 0.5ng/mL，n = 19），CC 和 EC 组的水平均高于 NS 组（WB 尼古丁中位数：3.7ng/g，UC 0.1ng/mL，n = 19）。39%的 WB 中检测到了 TSNAs，包括已知的致癌物质 NNK。
结论
硅树脂 WB 有望用于敏感检测传统和电子烟与烟草相关污染物的暴露情况，并且在烟草控制方面具有潜力。
意义
儿童佩戴的硅树脂 WB 可以吸收尼古丁、可替宁和烟草特异性亚硝胺，并且这些化合物的含量与儿童的尿可替宁密切相关。WB 中烟草特异性化合物的水平可以区分儿童接触二手烟和电子烟蒸气的模式。硅树脂 WB 使用方便，儿童易于接受，因此可能对烟草控制活动（如家长意识和行为改变以及无烟政策实施效果）有用。
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