Falasco Gianmaria, Esposito Massimiliano
Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
Phys Rev Lett. 2020 Sep 18;125(12):120604. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.120604.
We show that the entropy production rate bounds the rate at which physical processes can be performed in stochastic systems far from equilibrium. In particular, we prove the fundamental tradeoff ⟨S[over ˙]{e}⟩T≥k{B} between the entropy flow ⟨S[over ˙]_{e}⟩ into the reservoirs and the mean time T to complete any process whose time-reversed is exponentially rarer. This dissipation-time uncertainty relation is a novel form of speed limit: the smaller the dissipation, the larger the time to perform a process.
我们表明，熵产生率限制了远离平衡态的随机系统中物理过程能够进行的速率。具体而言，我们证明了储热器中的熵流⟨S[over ˙]ₑ⟩与完成任何其时间反演情况指数级罕见的过程的平均时间T之间的基本权衡关系⟨S[over ˙]ₑ⟩T≥k₈。这种耗散 - 时间不确定性关系是一种新型的速度限制：耗散越小，执行一个过程所需的时间就越长。
