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外泌体作为癌症中强大的生物标志物：分离与检测技术的最新进展

Exosomes as Powerful Biomarkers in Cancer: Recent Advances in Isolation and Detection Techniques.

作者信息

Zhang Qiongdan, Wang Huizhen, Liu Qingyi, Zeng Ni, Fu Gang, Qiu Yixing, Yang Yupei, Yuan Hanwen, Wang Wei, Li Bin

机构信息

TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China.

School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China.

出版信息

Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Feb 26;19:1923-1949. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S453545. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.2147/IJN.S453545
PMID:38435755
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10906735/
Abstract

Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles derived from cells, are known to carry important bioactive molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These bioactive components play crucial roles in cell signaling, immune response, and tumor metastasis, making exosomes potential diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases. However, current methods for detecting tumor exosomes face scientific challenges including low sensitivity, poor specificity, complicated procedures, and high costs. It is essential to surmount these obstacles to enhance the precision and dependability of diagnostics that rely on exosomes. Merging DNA signal amplification techniques with the signal boosting capabilities of nanomaterials presents an encouraging strategy to overcome these constraints and improve exosome detection. This article highlights the use of DNA signal amplification technology and nanomaterials' signal enhancement effect to improve the detection of exosomes. This review seeks to offer valuable perspectives for the enhancement of amplification methods applied in practical cancer diagnosis and prognosis by providing an overview of how these novel technologies are utilized in exosome-based diagnostic procedures.

摘要

外泌体是源自细胞的小型细胞外囊泡，已知其携带蛋白质、核酸和脂质等重要生物活性分子。这些生物活性成分在细胞信号传导、免疫反应和肿瘤转移中发挥关键作用，使外泌体成为各种疾病潜在的诊断生物标志物。然而，目前检测肿瘤外泌体的方法面临科学挑战，包括灵敏度低、特异性差、程序复杂和成本高。克服这些障碍对于提高依赖外泌体的诊断的准确性和可靠性至关重要。将DNA信号放大技术与纳米材料的信号增强能力相结合，是克服这些限制并改善外泌体检测的一种令人鼓舞的策略。本文重点介绍了利用DNA信号放大技术和纳米材料的信号增强效应来改善外泌体检测。本综述旨在通过概述这些新技术如何用于基于外泌体的诊断程序，为增强应用于实际癌症诊断和预后的放大方法提供有价值的观点。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39ad/10906735/164fdfa554a7/IJN-19-1923-g0011.jpg
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Anal Chem. 2023 Nov 7;95(44):16029-16048. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02224. Epub 2023 Oct 24.
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Enzyme-free and sensitive method for single-stranded nucleic acid detection based on CHA and HCR.基于 CHA 和 HCR 的无酶和灵敏单链核酸检测方法。
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Combination of RCA and DNAzyme for Dual-Signal Isothermal Amplification of Exosome RNA.
外泌体在癌症进展和治疗中的作用。
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Exosomes in Autoimmune Diseases: A Review of Mechanisms and Diagnostic Applications.自身免疫性疾病中的外泌体：作用机制与诊断应用综述
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Exosomes as novel biomarkers in sepsis and sepsis related organ failure.外泌体作为脓毒症和脓毒症相关器官衰竭的新型生物标志物。
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Micromachines (Basel). 2024 Sep 24;15(10):1181. doi: 10.3390/mi15101181.
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