Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Prev Med. 2020 Dec;141:106265. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106265. Epub 2020 Oct 6.
While there is evidence that parks support pediatric health, there have been no national studies looking at both physical and mental health. We assessed whether the presence of a neighborhood park is associated with pediatric physical or mental health across the U.S. using a nationally representative cross-sectional random sample of American children ages 0-17. Caregivers reported on the park presence in their child's neighborhood and the child's physical activity, screen-time, sleep, weight, and diagnosis of anxiety, depression, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Covariates included child and family sociodemographics and, for 29 states, neighborhood urbanicity. Caregivers reported on 49,146 children (mean age 9.4 years; 49% female). There were 11,791 (24%) children living in neighborhoods lacking a park; children in non-urban locations (aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.40-1.67) or below the federal poverty level (aOR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.38-1.58) had higher odds of lacking a park. Irrespective of sociodemographics, children lacking parks were more likely to be physically inactive (aOR1.36, 95% CI 1.24, 1.48), have excessive screen-time (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.14, 1.25), or obtain inadequate sleep (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.18, 1.29). Children without parks were more likely obese (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.21, 1.43), overweight (aOR 1.25, 95%CI 1.17, 1.33), or diagnosed with ADHD (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12, 1.29), but not more anxious or depressed (aOR = 1.04, 95%CI 0.97, 1.11). Associations between parks and pediatric physical and mental health suggests that the provision of neighborhood parks could represent a low-cost childhood health intervention.
虽然有证据表明公园有益于儿童健康，但目前还没有针对全美儿童身心健康的全国性研究。本研究使用全美具有代表性的横断面随机抽样调查了美国 0-17 岁儿童，评估了居住社区是否有公园与儿童身心健康之间的关系。看护人报告了孩子居住社区的公园存在情况，以及孩子的体力活动、屏幕时间、睡眠、体重和焦虑、抑郁或注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的诊断情况。协变量包括儿童和家庭的社会人口统计学特征，对于 29 个州，还包括邻里城市环境。调查共涉及 49146 名儿童（平均年龄 9.4 岁；49%为女性）。有 11791 名（24%）儿童居住在没有公园的社区；居住在非城市地区（优势比 2.19，95%置信区间 1.40-1.67）或低于联邦贫困线（优势比 1.48，95%置信区间 1.38-1.58）的儿童更有可能没有公园。无论社会人口统计学特征如何，没有公园的儿童更有可能体力活动不足（优势比 1.36，95%置信区间 1.24-1.48）、屏幕时间过长（优势比 1.19，95%置信区间 1.14-1.25）或睡眠不足（优势比 1.23，95%置信区间 1.18-1.29）。没有公园的儿童更有可能肥胖（优势比 1.32，95%置信区间 1.21-1.43）、超重（优势比 1.25，95%置信区间 1.17-1.33）或被诊断为 ADHD（优势比 1.20，95%置信区间 1.12-1.29），但没有公园的儿童更焦虑或抑郁的比例没有增加（优势比 1.04，95%置信区间 0.97-1.11）。公园与儿童身心健康之间的关联表明，提供社区公园可能是一种低成本的儿童健康干预措施。
