Center Agriculture Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Oct 6;11(10):1171. doi: 10.3390/genes11101171.
The area of the Garda Lake within the Trentino province (north of Italy) is the northernmost part of Europe where the Mediterranean species L. is traditionally cultivated. 'Casaliva' is claimed as the main variety traditionally grown in the Garda Trentino area (GT) from which a world renowned niche extra virgin olive oil is produced. Since a dominant presence of 'Casaliva' would link the fruit set success and yield to a self-pollination compatibility system, a deep genetic survey of the olive tree population in the GT has been performed with the aim of establishing the actual varietal composition and of understanding from which pollen donor the 'Casaliva' olives originate. Forty-four different genetic profiles were observed among the 205 leaf samples collected from 106 ancient trees through the analysis of 20 nuclear microsatellite markers. The varietal composition in modern orchards was also explored and the vast majority of the additional 151 trees analyzed showed the same genotype as the ancient accessions of 'Casaliva'. The results support the long historical link of 'Casaliva' with the GT and, besides a high varietal homogeneity, they also revealed the presence of olive genetic resources essential to fruit production. In fact, the parentage analysis of 550 embryos from drupes of 'Casaliva' evidenced that a cross-fertilization system is favored and a list of candidate cultivars most suitable as local pollinizers of 'Casaliva' was identified.
加尔达湖地区位于意大利北部的特伦蒂诺省（ Trentino ），是欧洲传统上种植地中海品种 L. 的最北部地区。“Casaliva”被认为是加尔达特伦蒂诺地区（ GT ）传统种植的主要品种，该地区生产的世界知名特级初榨橄榄油就源自于此。由于“Casaliva”的主要存在将使果实结实率和产量与自花授粉相容性系统相关联，因此对 GT 地区的橄榄树种群进行了深入的遗传调查，目的是确定实际的品种组成，并了解“Casaliva”橄榄的花粉供体来自何处。通过对 205 份来自 106 棵古树的叶片样本进行 20 个核微卫星标记分析，观察到 44 个不同的遗传谱。还对现代果园的品种组成进行了探讨，分析的另外 151 棵树木绝大多数与“Casaliva”的古老品种具有相同的基因型。结果支持“Casaliva”与 GT 之间的悠久历史联系，除了高度的品种同质性外，还揭示了对果实生产至关重要的橄榄遗传资源的存在。事实上，对“Casaliva”核果中的 550 个胚胎进行的亲子关系分析表明，异花授粉系统受到青睐，并确定了最适合作为“Casaliva”本地授粉者的候选品种列表。
