人类真菌病原体胞外多糖的生物学与功能
Biology and function of exo-polysaccharides from human fungal pathogens.
作者信息
Chung Krystal Y, Brown Jessica C S
机构信息
Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
出版信息
Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020 Mar;7(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s40588-020-00137-5. Epub 2020 Jan 17.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Environmental fungi such as and must survive many different and changing environments as they transition from their environmental niches to human lungs and other organs. Fungi alter their cell surfaces and secreted macromolecules to respond to and manipulate their surroundings.
RECENT FINDINGS
This review focuses on exo-polysaccharides, chains of sugars that transported out of the cell and spread to the local environment. Major exo-polysaccharides for and are glucuronylxylomannan (GXM) and galactosaminogalactan (GAG), respectively, which accumulate at high concentrations in growth medium and infected patients.
SUMMARY
Here we discuss GXM and GAG synthesis and export, their immunomodulatory properties, and their roles in biofilm formation. We also propose areas of future research to address outstanding questions in the field that could facilitate development of new disease treatments.
综述目的
环境真菌如[具体真菌名称1]和[具体真菌名称2]在从其环境生态位转移至人类肺部和其他器官的过程中，必须在许多不同且不断变化的环境中生存。真菌会改变其细胞表面和分泌的大分子以响应并操控周围环境。
最新发现
本综述聚焦于胞外多糖，即从细胞中运输出来并扩散至局部环境的糖链。[具体真菌名称1]和[具体真菌名称2]的主要胞外多糖分别是葡糖醛酸木聚糖甘露聚糖（GXM）和半乳糖胺半乳聚糖（GAG），它们在生长培养基和感染患者体内以高浓度积累。
总结
在此，我们讨论GXM和GAG的合成与输出、它们的免疫调节特性以及它们在生物膜形成中的作用。我们还提出了未来研究领域，以解决该领域中尚未解决的问题，这些问题可能有助于开发新的疾病治疗方法。
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