School of Exercise Science, Sport & Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia.
School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Physiol Rep. 2020 Oct;8(19):e14596. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14596.
The extent of smoking history is causally linked to adverse cerebro- and cardiovascular health outcomes, while conversely, exercise decreases this risk and associated mortality. However, the acute cerebro- and cardiovascular responses to exercise in smokers are unknown, and may provide insight to understand chronic adaptation. This study examined the acute heart rate (HR) variability (R-R intervals) and cerebral oxygenation responses to exercise in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Fifty-four males classified as smokers (n = 27) or nonsmokers (n = 27) were allocated into either younger (YSM, YNS) or middle-aged groups (MSM, MNS). Participants completed 40 min of stationary cycle ergometry at 50% of VO Cerebral oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) and autonomic function (HR variability) were collected before, during, and after exercise at 0, 30 min, 1, and 4 hr postexercise. The nonsmoker cohort (MNS and YNS) demonstrated higher values for the standard deviation (SD) of the R-R interval (SDNN) and the root mean squared of the SD at 1 and 4 hr postexercise versus smokers (p < .05). The low frequency (LF) band in YSM was lower than in YNS at 1 hr (p < .05). However, LF and high frequency were higher for MNS compared to MSM at 1 hr (p < .05). Oxygenated hemoglobin during and following exercise were elevated in NS with values for MSM lower than YSM (p < .05). The findings show smoking history can affect cerebral oxygenation during and following an acute exercise bout. Further, following exercise, smokers may exhibit a delay or inhibition in parasympathetic activity.
吸烟史的程度与不良的大脑和心血管健康结果有关，而相反，运动则降低了这种风险和相关死亡率。然而，吸烟者在运动中的急性大脑和心血管反应尚不清楚，这可能有助于了解慢性适应。本研究比较了吸烟者和不吸烟者在运动中的急性心率（HR）变异性（R-R 间期）和大脑氧合反应。将 54 名男性分为吸烟者（n=27）或不吸烟者（n=27），并分为年轻组（YSM，YNS）或中年组（MSM，MNS）。参与者在 50%的 VO 下完成 40 分钟的固定自行车运动，在运动前、运动中和运动后 0、30 分钟、1 小时和 4 小时收集大脑氧合（近红外光谱）和自主功能（HR 变异性）。不吸烟者队列（MNS 和 YNS）在运动后 1 和 4 小时的 R-R 间期标准差（SDNN）和 1 和 4 小时的 SD 的均方根值均高于吸烟者（p<.05）。在 1 小时时，YSM 的低频（LF）波段低于 YNS（p<.05）。然而，在 1 小时时，MNS 的 LF 和高频高于 MSM（p<.05）。在运动中和运动后，NS 的氧合血红蛋白升高，而 MSM 的值低于 YSM（p<.05）。研究结果表明，吸烟史可能会影响急性运动期间和之后的大脑氧合。此外，运动后，吸烟者可能表现出副交感神经活动的延迟或抑制。
