Graduate Course in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil and Assistent Professor, Department of Nutrition, Centro Universitário Unieuro, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
Full Professor, Department of Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2021 Jan;81:110992. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110992. Epub 2020 Aug 29.
The aim of this study was to determine the usual energy and micronutrient intake distributions and compare the prevalence of insufficient/excessive micronutrient intake in Brazilian para-athletes with and without scholarship support.
The study was conducted between September 2018 and August 2019 and included 101 athletes with a disability from 13 Paralympic disciplines living in Brasília, the Federal District. Food intake was estimated from two or four non-consecutive 24-h food recalls in which para-athletes reported all food, beverages, and supplements consumed in the previous 24-h. Dietary intake analysis was performed by implementing the National Cancer Institute method. Comparisons between scholarship and non-scholarship athletes were performed using Student's t tests for parametric variables and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for nonparametric variables.
Mean usual energy intake was significantly lower in scholarship para-athletes (2128 ± 125 kcal/d) than in non-scholarship para-athletes (2239 ± 116 kcal/d; P < 0.001). The prevalence of inadequacy for vitamin D, calcium, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, and zinc was significantly higher in scholarship than in non-scholarship para-athletes (P < 0.001). The prevalence of risk for iron deficiency was 29.5% in female para-athletes. The prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy was >10% for eight (60%) and seven (54%) micronutrients among scholarship and non-scholarship para-athletes, respectively.
The Brazilian Federal sport scholarship assistance program in its current format is insufficient to protect athletes from micronutrient inadequacies.
本研究旨在确定巴西残奥运动员的常规能量和微量营养素摄入量分布，并比较有无奖学金支持的残奥运动员微量营养素摄入不足/过量的患病率。
该研究于 2018 年 9 月至 2019 年 8 月进行，共纳入 13 个残奥项目的 101 名残疾运动员，他们居住在巴西首都巴西利亚。通过两次或四次非连续的 24 小时食物回忆来估计食物摄入量，残奥运动员在回忆中报告了前 24 小时内所消耗的所有食物、饮料和补充剂。采用国家癌症研究所的方法进行饮食摄入分析。使用学生 t 检验比较参数变量，使用 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验比较非参数变量，比较奖学金和非奖学金运动员之间的差异。
奖学金残奥运动员的平均日常能量摄入量（2128±125 kcal/d）明显低于非奖学金残奥运动员（2239±116 kcal/d；P<0.001）。奖学金残奥运动员的维生素 D、钙、维生素 A、硫胺素、核黄素和锌不足的患病率明显高于非奖学金残奥运动员（P<0.001）。女性残奥运动员铁缺乏风险的患病率为 29.5%。奖学金和非奖学金残奥运动员分别有 8 种（60%）和 7 种（54%）微量营养素的不足率>10%。
在当前的模式下，巴西联邦体育奖学金援助计划不足以防止运动员出现微量营养素不足。
