Dadds M R
Fam Process. 1987 Sep;26(3):341-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1987.00341.x.
This article reviews recent research into the relationship between family variables and child behavior. Although a diversity of factors may be associated with the development and maintenance of conduct/oppositional disorders in children, of primary importance are the moment-to-moment interactions that the child has with his or her primary caregivers. These are often marked by coercive, aggressive behaviors that may be functional for parents and children within the family system. However, the likelihood that parents will engage in coercive interactions with the child is also related to the latter's personal adjustment, which, in turn, is often dependent upon the parents' perceptions of the quality of marital and social support available to them. The goal for clinicians working with families of oppositional/conduct-disordered children is to retain the demonstrated efficacy of direct intervention into parent-child interactions while developing methods of assessment and treatment that attend to broader family variables, for example, marital disorder, interfering in-laws, and social isolation that may be functionally related to the occurrence of coercive parent-child interactions.
本文回顾了近期关于家庭变量与儿童行为之间关系的研究。尽管多种因素可能与儿童品行/对立违抗障碍的发展和维持有关，但儿童与主要照料者之间即时的互动最为重要。这些互动通常以强制性、攻击性行为为特征，而这些行为在家庭系统中对父母和孩子可能都有作用。然而，父母与孩子进行强制性互动的可能性也与孩子的个人调适有关，而孩子的个人调适又常常取决于父母对自身可获得的婚姻和社会支持质量的认知。对于治疗对立/品行障碍儿童家庭的临床医生来说，目标是在保留直接干预亲子互动已证实的疗效的同时，开发评估和治疗方法，关注更广泛的家庭变量，例如婚姻障碍、爱干涉的姻亲以及可能与强制性亲子互动发生存在功能关联的社会孤立情况。
