Olowe Rhoda, Sandouka Sereen, Saadi Aseel, Shekh-Ahmad Tawfeeq
The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Oct 14;9(10):990. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100990.
Oxidative stress (OS) and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been implicated in many neurological pathologies, including acute seizures and epilepsy. Seizure-induced damage has been demonstrated both in vitro and in several in vivo seizure and epilepsy models by direct determination of ROS, and by measuring indirect markers of OS. In this manuscript, we review the current reliable methods for quantifying ROS-related and OS-related markers in pre-clinical and clinical epilepsy studies. We first provide pieces of evidence for the involvement of different sources of ROS in epilepsy. We then discuss general methods and assays used for the ROS measurements, mainly superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radical in in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, we discuss the role of these ROS and markers of oxidative injury in acute seizures and epilepsy pre-clinical studies. The indirect detection of secondary products of ROS such as measurements of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation will also be discussed. This review also discusses reliable methods for the assessment of ROS, OS markers, and their by-products in epilepsy clinical studies.
氧化应激（OS）和过量活性氧（ROS）的产生与许多神经病理学有关，包括急性癫痫发作和癫痫。通过直接测定ROS以及测量OS的间接标志物，在体外以及几种体内癫痫发作和癫痫模型中均已证实癫痫发作引起的损伤。在本手稿中，我们回顾了临床前和临床癫痫研究中用于量化ROS相关和OS相关标志物的当前可靠方法。我们首先提供不同来源的ROS参与癫痫的证据。然后，我们讨论用于ROS测量的一般方法和检测，主要是体外和体内研究中的超氧阴离子、过氧化氢、过氧亚硝酸盐和羟基自由基。此外，我们讨论了这些ROS和氧化损伤标志物在急性癫痫发作和癫痫临床前研究中的作用。还将讨论ROS次级产物的间接检测，如DNA损伤、脂质过氧化和蛋白质氧化的测量。本综述还讨论了癫痫临床研究中评估ROS、OS标志物及其副产物的可靠方法。
