Diagnosis of early gastric cancer using image enhanced endoscopy: a systematic approach.

This paper provides an overview of the principles of a vessel plus surface (VS) classification system to explain the diagnostic system of early gastric cancer using image-enhanced magnifying endoscopy. Furthermore, this paper introduces the magnifying endoscopy simple diagnostic algorithm for gastric cancer (MEADA-G) developed according to the VS classification system, with a description of the procedures performed for diagnosis. In addition to the diagnostic system, white opaque substance (WOS), light blue crest (LBC), white globe appearance (WGA), and vessels within epithelial circle (VEC) patterns, which are representative findings that can be observed in the gastric mucosa by image-enhanced magnifying endoscopy, are also described. Image-enhanced magnifying endoscopy is particularly useful in the diagnosis of differentiated-type early gastric cancer. It is important to use the appropriate clinical strategies based on a comprehensive understanding of the usefulness and limitations of the diagnostic system described in this paper.