Robelski Swantje, Sommer Sabine
Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317 Berlin, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 15;17(20):7498. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207498.
The development and dissemination of new technologies has brought forward a rise in flexible work arrangements, such as mobile work. In the literature, mobile work has mostly been discussed from a microergonomic perspective, considering detachment, stress, strain, and life-domain balance. However, the macroergonomic or institutional perspectives have often been neglected, although for occupational health and safety (OHS) management, as well as occupational health and safety systems, many questions remain unanswered. Therefore, in the present paper, information and communication technologies (ICT)-enabled mobile work is described taking into account institutional and regulative, as well as company-related, requirements. As the literature-based analysis was able to show, existing regulations cover many aspects of mobile work arrangements but also offer starting points for a more concrete protection of mobile workers. Furthermore, there are challenges regarding the enforcement of regulation. In this regard, new technologies might offer the chance to improve the interactions between institutional and company-related occupational health and safety systems. Additionally, 278 co-funded research projects in Germany were categorized, yielding 18 projects on new ways of work, of which another eleven projects addressed different aspects of mobile work. The project analysis revealed that current research focuses on tools and strategies for designing communication and cooperation. In conclusion, the examination of research trends can be used to generate new knowledge for better OHS management and effective OHS systems.
新技术的发展与传播推动了灵活工作安排的兴起，如移动办公。在文献中，移动办公大多是从微观工效学的角度进行讨论的，涉及工作分离、压力、应变以及生活领域平衡等方面。然而，宏观工效学或制度层面的视角常常被忽视，尽管对于职业健康与安全（OHS）管理以及职业健康与安全体系而言，仍有许多问题悬而未决。因此，在本文中，我们在考虑制度与法规以及公司相关要求的基础上，对基于信息与通信技术（ICT）的移动办公进行了描述。正如基于文献的分析所表明的那样，现有法规涵盖了移动工作安排的诸多方面，但也为更切实地保护移动工作者提供了切入点。此外，在法规执行方面存在挑战。在这方面，新技术可能为改善制度层面与公司层面的职业健康与安全体系之间互动提供契机。此外还对德国278个共同资助的研究项目进行了分类，其中有18个项目涉及新的工作方式，另有11个项目涉及移动办公的不同方面。项目分析表明，当前研究聚焦于设计沟通与协作的工具和策略。总之，对研究趋势的审视可用于生成新知识，以实现更好的职业健康与安全管理及有效的职业健康与安全体系。
