Ahmed Mohamed E, Falasiri Shayan, Hajiran Ali, Chahoud Jad, Spiess Philippe E
Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Department of Urology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
J Clin Med. 2020 Oct 17;9(10):3334. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103334.
Penile cancer is an extremely rare malignancy that accounts for approximately 1% of cancer deaths in the United States every year. While primary penile cancer can be managed surgically, advanced and metastatic forms of the disease require more aggressive management plans with systemic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Despite the meaningful response to systemic treatments, the 2-year progression-free survival and disease-specific survival have shown disappointing results. Therefore, there is a crucial need for alternative treatment options with more favorable outcomes and a lower toxicity profile. There are currently extensive studies of tumor molecular biology and clinical trials with targeted molecular therapies, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. In this review, we will describe the penile cancer microenvironment, and summarize the rationale for immunotherapy in penile cancer patients.
阴茎癌是一种极为罕见的恶性肿瘤，在美国每年约占癌症死亡人数的1%。虽然原发性阴茎癌可以通过手术治疗，但该疾病的晚期和转移性形式需要更积极的治疗方案，包括全身化疗和/或放疗。尽管对全身治疗有显著反应，但2年无进展生存率和疾病特异性生存率的结果令人失望。因此，迫切需要具有更良好疗效和更低毒性的替代治疗方案。目前有大量关于肿瘤分子生物学的研究以及针对PD-1、PD-L1和CTLA-4等靶向分子疗法的临床试验。在本综述中，我们将描述阴茎癌的微环境，并总结阴茎癌患者免疫治疗的基本原理。
