Bermudez Sanchez Sandra, Pilla Rachel, Sarawichitr Benjamin, Gramenzi Alessandro, Marsilio Fulvio, Steiner Joerg M, Lidbury Jonathan A, Woods Georgiana R T, German Alexander J, Suchodolski Jan S
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.
PeerJ. 2020 Oct 5;8:e9706. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9706. eCollection 2020.
The fecal microbiota from obese individuals can induce obesity in animal models. In addition, studies in humans, animal models and dogs have revealed that the fecal microbiota of subjects with obesity is different from that of lean subjects and changes after weight loss. However, the impact of weight loss on the fecal microbiota in dogs with obesity has not been fully characterized.
In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the differences in the fecal microbiota of 20 pet dogs with obesity that underwent a weight loss program. The endpoint of the weight loss program was individually tailored to the ideal body weight of each dog. In addition, we evaluated the qPCR based Dysbiosis Index before and after weight loss.
After weight loss, the fecal microbiota structure of dogs with obesity changed significantly (ANOSIM; = 0.016, = 0.073), showing an increase in bacterial richness ( = 0.007), evenness ( = 0.007) and the number of bacterial species ( = 0.007). The fecal microbiota composition of obese dogs after weight loss was characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes (92.3% to 78.2%, = 0.001), and increase in Bacteroidetes (1.4% to 10.1%, = 0.002) and Fusobacteria (1.6% to 6.2%, = 0.040). The qPCR results revealed an overall decrease in the Dysbiosis Index, driven mostly due to a significant decrease in ( = 0.030), and increase in spp. ( = 0.017).
The changes observed in the fecal microbiota of dogs with obesity after weight loss with a weight loss diet rich in fiber and protein were in agreement with previous studies in humans, that reported an increase of bacterial biodiversity and a decrease of the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes.
肥胖个体的粪便微生物群可在动物模型中诱发肥胖。此外，对人类、动物模型和犬类的研究表明，肥胖受试者的粪便微生物群与瘦受试者不同，且在体重减轻后会发生变化。然而，体重减轻对肥胖犬类粪便微生物群的影响尚未完全明确。
在本研究中，我们使用16S rRNA基因测序来调查20只接受减肥计划的肥胖宠物犬粪便微生物群的差异。减肥计划的终点根据每只犬的理想体重进行个体化调整。此外，我们在减肥前后评估了基于qPCR的失调指数。
减肥后，肥胖犬的粪便微生物群结构发生了显著变化（ANOSIM；R = 0.016，P = 0.073），细菌丰富度（P = 0.007）、均匀度（P = 0.007）和细菌种类数量（P = 0.007）均增加。肥胖犬减肥后的粪便微生物群组成特点是厚壁菌门减少（从92.3%降至78.2%，P = 0.001），拟杆菌门增加（从1.4%增至10.1%，P = 0.002），梭杆菌门增加（从1.6%增至6.2%，P = 0.040）。qPCR结果显示失调指数总体下降，主要是由于γ-变形菌纲显著减少（P = 0.030），而双歧杆菌属增加（P = 0.017）。
在富含纤维和蛋白质的减肥饮食后，肥胖犬粪便微生物群的变化与先前人类研究一致，即细菌生物多样性增加，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比例降低。
