Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Faculty of Biology, University Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
IBUB Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 19;21(20):7729. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207729.
Humans have developed effective survival mechanisms under conditions of nutrient (and energy) scarcity. Nevertheless, today, most humans face a quite different situation: excess of nutrients, especially those high in amino-nitrogen and energy (largely fat). The lack of mechanisms to prevent energy overload and the effective persistence of the mechanisms hoarding key nutrients such as amino acids has resulted in deep disorders of substrate handling. There is too often a massive untreatable accumulation of body fat in the presence of severe metabolic disorders of energy utilization and disposal, which become chronic and go much beyond the most obvious problems: diabetes, circulatory, renal and nervous disorders included loosely within the metabolic syndrome. We lack basic knowledge on diet nutrient dynamics at the tissue-cell metabolism level, and this adds to widely used medical procedures lacking sufficient scientific support, with limited or nil success. In the present longitudinal analysis of the fate of dietary nutrients, we have focused on glucose as an example of a largely unknown entity. Even most studies on hyper-energetic diets or their later consequences tend to ignore the critical role of carbohydrate (and nitrogen disposal) as (probably) the two main factors affecting the substrate partition and metabolism.
人类在营养（和能量）匮乏的条件下已经发展出了有效的生存机制。然而，今天，大多数人面临的情况截然不同：营养过剩，尤其是那些富含氨基酸氮和能量（主要是脂肪）的营养过剩。缺乏预防能量过载的机制，以及有效维持储存关键营养素（如氨基酸）的机制，导致了底物处理的严重紊乱。在存在严重代谢紊乱的情况下，身体脂肪往往会大量且无法治疗地积累，这些代谢紊乱包括能量利用和处理的慢性紊乱，远远超出了最明显的问题：包括糖尿病、循环、肾脏和神经紊乱在内的代谢综合征。我们缺乏关于组织细胞代谢水平饮食营养动态的基本知识，这使得广泛使用的医疗程序缺乏足够的科学支持，收效甚微。在对饮食营养命运的纵向分析中，我们以葡萄糖为例，研究了一种很大程度上未知的实体。即使是大多数关于高能量饮食或其后续影响的研究也往往忽略了碳水化合物（和氮的处理）的关键作用，因为碳水化合物（和氮的处理）可能是影响底物分配和代谢的两个主要因素。
