Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 19;21(20):7740. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207740.
A global increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndromes and digestive tract disorders, like food allergy or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has become a severe problem in the modern world. Recent decades have brought a growing body of evidence that links the gut microbiome's complexity with host physiology. Hence, understanding the mechanistic aspects underlying the synergy between the host and its associated gut microbiome are among the most crucial questions. The functionally diversified adaptive immune system plays a central role in maintaining gut and systemic immune homeostasis. The character of the reciprocal interactions between immune components and host-dwelling microbes or microbial consortia determines the outcome of the organisms' coexistence within the holobiont structure. It has become apparent that metabolic by-products of the microbiome constitute crucial multimodal transmitters within the host-microbiome interactome and, as such, contribute to immune homeostasis by fine-tuning of the adaptive arm of immune system. In this review, we will present recent insights and discoveries regarding the broad landscape of microbiome-derived metabolites, highlighting the role of these small compounds in the context of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms orchestrated by the host T cell compartment.
在现代世界中，代谢综合征和消化道疾病（如食物过敏或炎症性肠病[IBD]）的流行率在全球范围内不断上升，这已成为一个严重的问题。近几十年来，越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物组的复杂性与宿主生理学之间存在联系。因此，了解宿主与其相关肠道微生物组之间协同作用的机制方面是最重要的问题之一。功能多样化的适应性免疫系统在维持肠道和全身免疫稳态方面发挥着核心作用。免疫成分与宿主居住的微生物或微生物群落之间相互作用的性质决定了生物体在整个共生体结构中共存的结果。显然，微生物组的代谢产物是宿主-微生物组相互作用组内的重要多模式递质，通过微调免疫系统的适应性分支，为免疫稳态做出贡献。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍关于微生物组衍生代谢物的广泛研究进展和新发现，强调这些小分子化合物在宿主 T 细胞区室协调的促炎和抗炎机制之间的平衡中的作用。
