谁选择注册新的全国赌博自我排除系统？瑞典的一项一般人群调查。
Who chooses to enroll in a new national gambling self-exclusion system? A general population survey in Sweden.
机构信息
Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Malmö Addiction Center, Region Skåne, Södra Förstadsgatan 35, plan 4, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
出版信息
Harm Reduct J. 2020 Oct 21;17(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12954-020-00423-x.
BACKGROUND
Self-exclusion from gambling is a common method for prevention and harm reduction in hazardous gambling. However, few national self-exclusion programs, involving a large number of gambling operators and activities in a country, have been assessed scientifically. This study aimed to examine characteristics of individuals who chose to enroll in a recently introduced (January, 2019) national self-exclusion system in Sweden.
METHODS
Adults and adolescents (from age 16 and above) were addressed with an online survey sent to members of the web panel of a market survey company (1940 respondents). Psychological distress, previous history of addictive disorders, sociodemographic data, and recent history of gambling patterns and over-indebtedness were recorded. Logistic regression tested associations with self-exclusion, with unadjusted analyses conducted for the sub-group of moderate-risk or problem gamblers.
RESULTS
Four percent reported having self-excluded using the new national self-exclusion system. In logistic regression, self-exclusion was significantly associated with younger age (OR 0.65 [0.54-0.79] for increasing age groups) and with the highest level of problem gambling (OR 2.84 [1.10-7.37]). In moderate-risk or problem gamblers, in unadjusted analyses, younger age (p < 0.05) and psychological distress (p = 0.02) were associated with self-exclusion. In none- or low-risk gamblers, 3% had self-excluded, which was significantly associated with younger age (p < 0.001) and self-reported over-indebtedness (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
In a national, multi-venue online and land-based self-exclusion system, aiming to reduce the harm of problem gambling, self-exclusion is expectedly more common in problem gamblers, but also occurs among people without recent gambling problems. Further efforts may be needed in order to increase gambling self-exclusion in problem gamblers, and research in reasons for self-excluding, even in non-problem gamblers, is needed.
背景
自我排除赌博是一种常见的预防和减少危险赌博危害的方法。然而，很少有涉及一个国家的大量赌博运营商和活动的国家自我排除计划得到科学评估。本研究旨在研究选择参加瑞典最近推出（2019 年 1 月）的国家自我排除系统的个体的特征。
方法
向市场调查公司的网络面板成员发送在线调查，以联系成年人和青少年（年龄在 16 岁及以上）（1940 名受访者）。记录心理困扰、以前的成瘾障碍史、社会人口统计学数据以及最近的赌博模式和过度负债情况。使用逻辑回归测试与自我排除的关联，对于中度风险或问题赌徒的子组进行未调整分析。
结果
有 4%的人报告使用新的国家自我排除系统进行了自我排除。在逻辑回归中，自我排除与年龄较小（年龄每增加一组，OR 为 0.65 [0.54-0.79]）和最高程度的问题赌博（OR 2.84 [1.10-7.37]）显著相关。在中度风险或问题赌徒中，在未调整的分析中，年龄较小（p<0.05）和心理困扰（p=0.02）与自我排除相关。在非风险或低风险赌徒中，有 3%的人进行了自我排除，这与年龄较小（p<0.001）和自我报告的过度负债（p<0.001）显著相关。
结论
在一个国家范围内，多场地的在线和线下自我排除系统旨在减少问题赌博的危害，预计在问题赌徒中更常见自我排除，但也发生在没有最近赌博问题的人中。可能需要进一步努力，以增加问题赌徒的赌博自我排除，并需要研究即使在非问题赌徒中自我排除的原因。
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