Yoshino Yuta, Dwivedi Yogesh
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 15;11:543893. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.543893. eCollection 2020.
It is well known that only a small proportion of the human genome code for proteins; the rest belong to the family of RNAs that do not code for protein and are known as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are further divided into two subclasses based on size: 1) long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; >200 nucleotides) and 2) small RNAs (<200 nucleotides). Small RNAs contain various family members that include microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). The roles of ncRNAs, especially lncRNAs and miRNAs, are well documented in brain development, homeostasis, stress responses, and neural plasticity. It has also been reported that ncRNAs can influence the development of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. More recently, their roles are being investigated in suicidal behavior. In this article, we have comprehensively reviewed the findings of lncRNA and miRNA expression changes and their functions in various psychiatric disorders including suicidal behavior. We primarily focused on studies that have been done in human brain. In addition, we have briefly reviewed the role of other small RNAs ( piwiRNA, siRNA, snRNA, and snoRNAs) and their expression changes in psychiatric illnesses.
众所周知，人类基因组中只有一小部分编码蛋白质；其余部分属于不编码蛋白质的RNA家族，被称为非编码RNA（ncRNA）。ncRNA根据大小进一步分为两个亚类：1）长链非编码RNA（lncRNA；>200个核苷酸）和2）小RNA（<200个核苷酸）。小RNA包含各种家族成员，包括微小RNA（miRNA）、小干扰RNA（siRNA）、piwi相互作用RNA（piRNA）、小核仁RNA（snoRNA）和小核RNA（snRNA）。ncRNA的作用，尤其是lncRNA和miRNA的作用，在大脑发育、稳态、应激反应和神经可塑性方面已有充分记录。也有报道称，ncRNA会影响包括精神分裂症、重度抑郁症和双相情感障碍在内的精神疾病的发展。最近，人们正在研究它们在自杀行为中的作用。在本文中，我们全面回顾了lncRNA和miRNA表达变化及其在包括自杀行为在内的各种精神疾病中的功能的研究结果。我们主要关注在人类大脑中进行的研究。此外，我们还简要回顾了其他小RNA（piwiRNA、siRNA、snRNA和snoRNA）的作用及其在精神疾病中的表达变化。
