Anselma Manou, Collard Dorine C M, van Berkum Anniek, Twisk Jos W R, Chinapaw Mai J M, Altenburg Teatske M
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Mulier Instituut, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Front Public Health. 2020 Sep 25;8:559485. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.559485. eCollection 2020.
Children with a low level of neuromotor fitness are less skilled to participate in sports activities. Moreover, lower levels of neuromotor fitness are related to adiposity, lower cardiovascular health, and poor self-esteem in children. The aim of this paper was to determine neuromotor fitness in 10-12-year-old Dutch children over a 10-year period. Test scores measured in 2015/2017 ( = 533 in 2015, = 941 in 2017) were compared with scores of same-aged children measured in 2006 ( = 1986). Neuromotor fitness was assessed using the MOPER fitness test battery, including speed and agility, strength, flexibility, and coordination and upper-limb speed. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear regression models and tobit regression analyses in case of skewed distributions with an excess of zeros. Analyses were stratified by age and gender, and adjusted for level of urbanization. Children in 2015/2017 performed significantly worse on speed and agility (β = 0.8 to 1.1 s), significantly better on coordination/upper-limb speed (β = -1.0 to -0.6 s), and-except for 12-year-old girls-significantly worse on flexibility vs. children in 2006 (β = -3.4 to -1.8 cm). Additionally, upper-body strength was significantly worse among 10-year olds (β = -3.2 to -2.5 s) while leg strength was significantly worse among 11-year-olds in 2015/2017 vs. 2006 (β = -1.8 to -1.7 cm). Trunk strength was worse among 11- and 12-year old boys (β = 1.1 to 1.2 s). In line with a previously observed downward trend in neuromotor fitness among children (1980-2006), we found worse scores on speed and agility, and flexibility in 2015/2017 vs. 2006, stressing the need for interventions aimed at improving neuromotor fitness in order to promote physical activity and future health.
神经运动适应性水平较低的儿童参与体育活动的技能较差。此外，较低的神经运动适应性水平与儿童肥胖、心血管健康状况较差以及自尊心较低有关。本文旨在确定10至12岁荷兰儿童在10年期间的神经运动适应性。将2015/2017年测量的测试分数（2015年n = 533，2017年n = 941）与2006年测量的同龄儿童分数（n = 1986）进行比较。使用MOPER体能测试组合评估神经运动适应性，包括速度与敏捷性、力量、柔韧性、协调性以及上肢速度。在分布呈偏态且零值过多的情况下，使用多级线性回归模型和托比特回归分析对数据进行分析。分析按年龄和性别分层，并针对城市化水平进行调整。与2006年的儿童相比，2015/2017年的儿童在速度与敏捷性方面表现显著更差（β = 0.8至1.1秒），在协调性/上肢速度方面表现显著更好（β = -1.0至-0.6秒），除12岁女孩外，在柔韧性方面表现显著更差（β = -3.4至-1.8厘米）。此外，与2006年相比，2015/2017年10岁儿童的上身力量显著更差（β = -3.2至-2.5秒），11岁儿童的腿部力量显著更差（β = -1.8至-1.7厘米）。11岁和12岁男孩的躯干力量更差（β = 1.1至1.2秒）。与之前观察到的儿童神经运动适应性下降趋势（1980 - 2006年）一致，我们发现2015/2017年在速度与敏捷性以及柔韧性方面的分数比2006年更差，这凸显了需要采取干预措施来提高神经运动适应性，以促进体育活动和未来健康。
