Ajibade Idowu, Sullivan Meghan, Haeffner Melissa
Department of Geography, Portland State University, USA.
Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, USA.
Glob Environ Change. 2020 Nov;65:102187. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102187. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
This perspective piece makes a case for a more rigorous treatment of managed retreat as a politically, legally, and economically distinct type of relocation that is separate from climate migration. We argue that the use of both concepts interchangeably obfuscates the problems around climate-induced mobilities and contributes to the inconsistencies in policy, plans, and actions taken by governments and organizations tasked with addressing them. This call for a disentanglement is not solely an academic exercise aimed at conceptual clarity, but an effort targeted at incentivizing researchers, practitioners, journalists, and advocates working on both issues to better serve their constituencies through alliance formation, resource mobilization, and the establishment of institutional pathways to climate justice. We offer a critical understanding of the distinctions between climate migration and managed retreat grounded in six orienting propositions. They include differential: causal mechanisms, legal protections, rights regimes and funding structures, discursive effects, implications for land use, and exposure to risks. We provide empirical examples from existing literature to contextualize our propositions while calling for a transformative justice approach to addressing both issues.
这篇观点文章主张对有计划的撤退进行更严格的对待，将其视为一种在政治、法律和经济上与气候移民不同的独特搬迁类型。我们认为，将这两个概念互换使用会模糊围绕气候引发的迁移问题，并导致负责应对这些问题的政府和组织在政策、计划和行动上的不一致。这种要求厘清两者关系的呼吁并非仅仅是为了概念清晰的学术行为，而是旨在激励研究这两个问题的研究人员、从业者、记者和倡导者，通过建立联盟、调动资源以及确立通向气候正义的制度途径，更好地为其受众服务。我们基于六个导向性命题，对气候移民和有计划的撤退之间的区别进行了批判性理解。这些命题包括：因果机制、法律保护、权利制度和资金结构、话语影响、对土地使用的影响以及面临的风险。我们从现有文献中提供实证例子来阐释我们的命题，同时呼吁采用变革性正义方法来应对这两个问题。
