Archipel, route de Chêne, 11, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland.
PACTT, route de la Corniche, 9b, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2020 Dec;106(8):1475-1480. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.05.015. Epub 2020 Oct 24.
Physicians, whether in the public or private sector, are increasingly bound to "publish or perish". Although researchers have become aware of certain ethical concerns relating to the concept of authorship, clinicians still tend to neglect issues of copyright. The present study aims: 1) to explain to orthopedic surgeons what exactly is protected by copyright in a scientific article; 2) to assess the legal implications of publishing contracts; and 3) to specify the means of publication that best boost the author's h-index.
The study was based on intellectual property legislation and jurisprudence and the underlying principles. The European and American medical and legal literature was analyzed.
It is vital to understand the basic principles of copyright and the legal implications of publishing contracts. A scientific article is protected by copyright as soon as it has been written. This confers both moral and property rights. "Moral" rights protect the person of the author and are inalienable; unlike property rights, they cannot be transferred. Publishing contracts can only concern property and other derivative rights. Most scientific articles are published in open access via Creative Commons (CC) licenses. The greater the freedom of use provided for in the CC license, the more easily other authors can use the article, adding to it or altering it. As all CC licenses include an attribution clause, authors publishing under a relatively unrestrictive CC license increase the chances of boosting their h-index.
Forewarned is forearmed. Mastering the means of publication enables authors to make the most of their publications in boosting their h-index, and also to contribute to the new Open Science paradigm: abandoning some intellectual property in favor of innovation and knowledge sharing rather than clinging to data protection.
IV.
医生，无论是在公共部门还是私营部门，都越来越受到“发表或灭亡”的压力。尽管研究人员已经意识到与作者身份概念相关的某些伦理问题，但临床医生仍然倾向于忽视版权问题。本研究旨在：1）向骨科医生解释在科学文章中究竟是什么受到版权保护；2）评估出版合同的法律含义；3）明确能最大程度提高作者 h 指数的出版方式。
本研究基于知识产权立法和判例法以及基本原则。分析了欧洲和美国的医学和法律文献。
了解版权的基本原则和出版合同的法律含义至关重要。一旦撰写完成，科学文章即受到版权保护。这赋予了作者道德和财产权。“道德”权利保护作者的人身，不可剥夺；与财产权不同，它们不能转让。出版合同只能涉及财产和其他衍生权利。大多数科学文章通过知识共享许可（Creative Commons，CC）以开放获取的方式出版。CC 许可证规定的使用自由度越大，其他作者就越容易使用该文章，对其进行添加或修改。由于所有 CC 许可证都包含署名条款，因此在相对宽松的 CC 许可证下发表文章的作者可以增加提高其 h 指数的机会。
有备无患。掌握出版方式使作者能够充分利用出版物提高其 h 指数，也有助于实现新的开放科学范式：放弃一些知识产权，以促进创新和知识共享，而不是坚持数据保护。
IV。
