Martinotti Giovanni, Negri Attilio, Schiavone Stefania, Montemitro Chiara, Vannini Chiara, Baroni Gaia, Pettorruso Mauro, De Giorgio Fabio, Giorgetti Raffaele, Verrastro Valeria, Trabace Luigia, Garcia Andres, Castro Ivan, Iglesias Lopez Juan, Merino Del Villar Cristina, Schifano Fabrizio, di Giannantonio Massimo
Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G.d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 31;11:879. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00879. eCollection 2020.
Growing evidence supports the possibility of significant psychiatric consequences related to novel and traditional psychoactive substance consumption. The problem of differential diagnosis has hampered research on specific psychopathologies with unclear outcomes. The aim of our study was to report psychiatric and clinical features of subjects admitted to a psychiatric ward in Ibiza, Spain, with a clinical diagnosis of substance abuse or intoxication.
A survey was administered to a sample of inpatients hospitalized due to psychiatric symptoms related to recent use of psychoactive substances. The questionnaire investigated sociodemographic factors, familiar and personal anamnesis, substance use habits, general and psychopathological features. Urine samples were collected and analyzed in a toxicology laboratory using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
A total of 110 patients were included in the study. Most patients (70%) declared multiple substance use, and 33% of patients reported more than two substances; nevertheless, it was possible to identify 17 (15%) depressor users, 44 (40%) stimulant users and 49 (45%) psychodysleptics users. A positive association with a lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder was found (two-tailed Fisher's exact test: p = 0.013). Psychomotor agitation, reference, and paranoid delusions, affective symptoms, consciousness disorders, and aggressiveness represented some of the most frequent symptoms at entry evaluation.
In this study, we described the acute psychiatric presentations related to recreational drug use in subjects on holiday in Ibiza. The use of psychoactive substances was characterized by poly-use of both traditional and novel substances, with several psychopathological consequences. Future research should focus on a better understanding of the psychopathological effects of specific substances, defining signs and symptoms to help make a differential diagnosis and prospectively examine long-term effects.
越来越多的证据支持与新型和传统精神活性物质消费相关的重大精神后果的可能性。鉴别诊断问题阻碍了对结果不明的特定精神病理学的研究。我们研究的目的是报告西班牙伊维萨岛一家精神病病房收治的临床诊断为药物滥用或中毒的患者的精神和临床特征。
对因近期使用精神活性物质相关精神症状住院的患者样本进行了一项调查。问卷调查了社会人口学因素、家族和个人既往史、物质使用习惯、一般和精神病理学特征。收集尿液样本并在毒理学实验室使用气相色谱和质谱进行分析。
共有110名患者纳入研究。大多数患者（70%）宣称使用多种物质，33%的患者报告使用两种以上物质；然而，仍可识别出17名（15%）抑制剂使用者、44名（40%）兴奋剂使用者和49名（45%）致幻剂使用者。发现与双相情感障碍的终生诊断呈正相关（双尾Fisher精确检验：p = 0.013）。精神运动性激越、牵连观念、偏执妄想、情感症状、意识障碍和攻击性是入院评估时一些最常见的症状。
在本研究中，我们描述了在伊维萨岛度假的人群中与娱乐性药物使用相关的急性精神表现。精神活性物质的使用特点是传统和新型物质的多药合用，并伴有多种精神病理学后果。未来的研究应侧重于更好地理解特定物质的精神病理学影响，确定有助于进行鉴别诊断的体征和症状，并前瞻性地研究长期影响。
